102 



FARM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA 



opens inwards, being hinged along its lower edge in the window 

 illustrated. 



The sash is somewhat difficult to construct, but a stock casement 

 sash can be purchased ready-made and would, of course, be hung with 

 its length horizontal. For this purpose 1\" by 3" butt hinges are 

 used. The lower, or hinge, joint between sash and frame should be 

 shielded by a water board (Fig. Ill) to prevent rain from driving in. 

 This type of window is highly suitable for stables, cow byres, loose 

 boxes, etc. 



The solid frames used for fixed sash windows (a), and casement 

 windows (c), are constructed similarly to the frame just described. 



Box-frame windows with sliding sashes can generally be bought 

 ready-made by the farmer. The sashes are balanced by weights 

 that slide inside the box frame, and are attached to the sashes 



11 



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Fig. 111. 



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by cords running over pulleys near the top of the frame. The 

 point which is of most interest to the farmer is the building 

 in of the window. This is illustrated by Figs. 37 and 41, and has 

 already been explained in Chapter V. The window-board, lining, 

 and architrave (Fig. 41) are, if present, nailed to wooden slips f inch 

 thick built into the joints between the bricks. In building-in the 

 window-frame care should be taken that the wood which forms the 

 outer edge of the box-frame, and is usually thin and weak, is not 

 pressed inwards, thereby causing the balance weights to jam. This is 

 especially liable to happen in the case of stonework, due to spalls 

 being too violently forced into position, near the window-frame. 



The space between the soffit of the arch and the top of the 

 window-frame (Fig. 37) is covered by a board, which has its upper 

 edge curved to fit the soffit of the arch. This board is called a 

 fascia board ; it is screwed to the head of the window-frame. 



