158 FAEM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA 



In some byres, the manger cross-partitions between adjacent cows 

 consist of iron or steel plates, which can be hinged upwards out of the 

 way so that the mangers can be brushed and swilled out from end to end 

 of the byre. "When this arrangement is adopted a hole and plug may be 

 provided in the lowest manger, at the end, so that water which has been 

 used in cleaning the mangers can run away into the manure sump outside 

 the byre. 



Glazed stoneware is an excellent material for mangers. In the 

 accompanying drawings of cow-byres, the mangers are shown of cement- 

 concrete. 



Dimensions of Stalls. — The length of the stalls will vary, according to 

 the size of cows to be accommodated, as follows : — 



Jerseys and Kerrys 6' 6" to 7' 0" 



Ayrshires 7' 0" 



Cross-bred cows of average size . . 7' 0" to 7' 6" 



Shorthorns, Fries 7' 6" to 8' 0" 



The above lengths are from outside wall of manger to side of gutter 

 next the cows' heels, i.e. they include the width of the manger. 



For larger sized cows each double stall should be from 7' 0" to 7' 6" 

 wide, and for smaller cows 6' 6" wide. 



If the stalls are made too short, the cows tend to stand with their 

 hind feet in the manure channel ; and if too long they drop their dung 

 on the stall floor and, later on, lie down on it. 



It is convenient to have the stalls on one side of a double cow-byre 

 of a slightly different length from those on the other side, so that the 

 larger cows may be stalled on one side of the byre, and the smaller 

 cows on the other side. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 127 and 128. 



The stall floors should have a fall of about 1 inch towards the manure- 

 channel. 



Stall Divisions. — Stall divisions or " travises " may be from 5' 0" to 

 5' 6" long by from 4' 0" to 4' 6" high for the type of stall shown in 

 Figs. 127 and 128. 



Figs. 127 and 134 illustrate a serviceable type of stall division con- 

 structed of iron tubes — old boiler tubes can sometimes be obtained for 

 the purpose. If desired, these divisions can be made close, by screwing 

 on to the side of each a single thickness of sheet-iron ; this might be 

 advisable for stall divisions adjoining doorways. 



