162 



FAKM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA 



is illustrated by Fig. 139. The reinforcement may consist of steel or 

 wrought-iron bars, § inch in diameter, tied together with wire where 

 they cross each other. The concrete may be 3 inches thick. Probably 

 the easiest way to make these divisions is to mould them lying on 

 their side, in a horizontal position. The divisions should be solidly 

 built into the wall and floor as shown. 



Instead of making the slabs solid as in Fig. 139 it might be advisable 

 in many districts, for the sake of coolness, to ventilate them by slots 



YOUNG 



Fio. 139. 



or holes, the reinforcement being arranged clear of these ventilation 

 orifices which may easily be formed by arranging suitable blocks in the 

 mould used to form the divisions. 



Eeinforced concrete divisions are very sanitary, being easily kept 

 clean by periodic washing with water, and lime-washing. 



Another method of tying cows is illustrated by Figs. 129, 130, 136, 

 138, 142, and 144. This method, in which the animal's neck is held 

 between stanchions which are allowed a certain degree of freedom of 

 swing and rotation, is much used in Canada, the United States, and 



