DEAINAGE 275 



If the pipes lie deeper, the type illustrated by Fig. 212 should be 

 used. It consists of a junction pipe, together with an easy bend that 

 extends nearly to the surface of the ground, and which has its upper end 

 closed by a stoneware plug sealed with bitumen. 



Both types of cleaning eye may be Sn»e or compete slrb 



marked, and covered, by a concrete or 

 stone slab carried on a brick-on-edge 

 curb, as shown in Fig. 212. 



As has already been mentioned, 

 inspection chambers should be situated 

 at points where the pipe line changes 

 direction. Further, if a straight length ' FlG< 212 



of pipe exceeds 50 feet in length, 



cleaning eyes should be provided not more than 50 feet apart. An 

 inspection chamber in a straight section of pipe can, however, always 

 take the place of a cleaning eye, and it is advisable that such an inspec- 

 tion chamber should occur at intervals in a very long length of drain. 



Cleaning rods are sold which are made in sections, each about 3 feet 

 long, so that they can be got into the drain at an inspection chamber. 

 The various lengths, or sections, screw together to form one long rod. 

 Various cleaning devices are manufactured for attachment to the end 

 of the cleaning rod, such as scrapers, brush-heads, plungers, double 

 worms, etc. If, however, the drains have been properly laid, and 

 cleaning eyes and inspection chambers are situated as close together as 

 mentioned above, and if the drains are regularly inspected and cleaned 

 if necessary, a stiff wire will generally be found sufficient for the latter 

 purpose. 



Drainage from Stock Houses. — From these points where liquid manure 

 has been conducted out of stock houses, drain pipes should be laid leading 

 either to a main system of drainage, or to a liquid manure tank, the 

 contents of which will ultimately be applied to the land. For this 

 purpose 4-inch glazed stoneware pipes are sometimes employed, but for 

 larger stock houses, if the pipe line be at all long, 6-inch pipes are to be 

 preferred. 



For example, the liquid manure and washings, from the open manure 

 channels inside the cow-byre, discharge in the open air, outside of the 

 cow-byre, into sumps, as shown in Fig. 208, and at S, S, in the frontispiece. 

 The drain pipe which leads from the sumps should be trapped, and just 



