292 FARM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA 



depths shown on drawings, or to such other depths as may be required to 

 ensure a good foundation. 



Perform all stepping to foundations where shown or required. Trim 

 the sides of trenches the full width from top to bottom, and level and well 

 ram the bottoms. 



Drains, etc. — Excavate for all drains, surface water channels, 

 gulleys, etc. 



Water and other pipes to be not less than V 6" below the surface 

 of the ground. 



Filling. — Fill in and well ram with clean, hard, dry earth, filling to 

 all foundations, floors, drains, etc., and make up levels, etc., with all 

 necessary falls. 



The upmaking under solid floors to be well watered and rammed, and 

 thoroughly consolidated. 



Surplus Earth. — All surplus earth and other material from the excava- 

 tions is to be deposited and levelled on the site, or carted away as 

 directed. 



Water in Foundations. — No water is to be allowed to accumulate in 

 any portion of the excavations or trenches. 



The trenches and other excavations are to be protected against 

 flooding, and any water entering them is to be immediately removed. 



Mason 



Foundation Walls (Footings). — Build all the foundation walls of the 

 lengths, widths, and heights shown or figured on drawings, or of such 

 extra depth where necessary to secure a firm foundation, in local stone 

 as described, in roughly squared, uncoursed rubble, with all beds 

 horizontal, and built without spalls, laid and flushed up in lime mortar, 

 and levelled on top with stones in long lengths for damp proof course. 



Damp Course. — Lay on all foundation walls a damp course as described 

 (under " Concretor and Bricklayer "), the full thickness of walls above 

 foundations, and without longitudinal joints. The damp course is to 

 be laid level with the underside of solid floors, and continued up the 

 vertical face of all steppings. It is to be stopped § inch from external 

 face of walls, and pointed in cement mortar. 



At ends and angles the damp course must overlap the full thickness 

 of walls, and at intermediate junctions the laps are to be 6 inches. 



