334 FARM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA 



placed to drip after having been washed. In addition, a shelf of open spar-work 

 is provided above the drain-board, while in the milkroom are two solid shelves 

 for the reception of dry milk cans. An open spar-work platform is placed in 

 front of the sink for standing on. 



The hot-water system consists of a vertical boiler and hot-water cylinder 

 connected by piping, as shown ; the water circulation is indicated by arrows (see 

 elevation). The system is supplied from a supply tank on the roof, from the 

 bottom of which tank a pipe leads to the bottom of the hot-water cylinder. 

 The supply tank is replenished from the main, through a ball-cock. From the 

 top of the hot-water cylinder an expansion pipe, for the escape of steam, takes 

 off, and may be either bent over the supply tank so as to discharge into it or 

 carried through the roof. As an additional precaution, in case of the expansion 

 pipe becoming choked through deposit from highly mineralized water or 

 otherwise, a small safety valve, set to open at a comparatively low pressure, 

 should be attached to the boiler. The service pipe to the hot-water tap or taps 

 branches off from the lower end of the expansion pipe. 



A list of some of the quantities of materials more difficult to estimate is 

 appended. It is only approximate, however, because the quantities used depend 

 greatly on the particular workman, and on other circumstances, such as the size 

 of stones used in building, etc. : — 



Bricks for party walls, 3000 bricks. Mortar for walls, 42 bags blue lime ; 



1 5 cubic yards sand. Materials for floor, 15£ bags Portland cement ; 



If cubic yards sand ; 2| cubic yards broken stone to pass a 2^-inch 



ring ; | cubic yard broken granite to pass a |-inch ring j £ cubic 



yard granite chips to pass a £-inch ring. Materials for lintels and 



sills (of 1 : 2 : 3 concrete), 7| bags Portland cement ; 1-1 cubic yards 



sand ; 1*6 cubic yards broken stone, to pass a 1-inch ring. Cement 



plaster for lower 4 feet of walls, b\ bags Portland cement; lj cubic 



yards sand. Lime plaster for upper 6 feet of walls, 6£ bags blue 



lime ; 2^ cubic yards sand. 



The quantities of timber, corrugated galvanised iron, piping, etc., can readily 



be measured from the drawing, which is sufficiently detailed for the purpose. It 



is better for the person who is responsible for the work to do so than to rely on 



a list of materials, because in the former case he gets a better understanding of 



what each piece of material is for. 



FURTHER LAY-OUT PLANS OF STEADINGS 



Figs. 243 and 244 give the arrangement of a steading for 32 cows, and also with 

 the other accommodation shown. The buildings are arranged in two contiguous 

 rows for the sake of cheapness. This arrangement is also very compact, but 

 presents the difficulty that cross-ventilation and lighting are difficult to arrange 



