118 



Neat Cattle. 



Vol. IV. 



tumeric, &c.; and marble or veined soaps are 

 made thus: — to the soap just separated from 

 the spent ley, new ley is added, and then 

 copperas dissolved in water ; red oxide of iron 

 (or colcothar,) mixed with water is stirred in 

 it by manual dexterity, is so mixed as to pro- 

 duce the peculiar appearance. — Gen. Farmer. 



Neat Cattle. 



CRITERIA OF DAIRY STOCK. 



We copy from the Farmers' Magazine, the 

 following scale of points of Jersey dairy stock, 

 which has special reference to the producing 

 butter and milk, but is not designed to apply 

 to cattle for draught or fattening. 



SCALE OF POINTS FOR BULLS. 



Points. 



Art. 1. Purity of breed on male and 

 female sides, reputed for having produced 

 rich and yellow butter, 4 



Art. 2. Head fine and tapering, cheek 

 small, muzzle fine, and encircled with 

 white, nostril high and open, horns pol- 

 ished, crumpled, not too thick, the ears 

 small, of an orange color within, eye full 

 and lively, 8 



Art. 3. Neck fine, lightly plac(*d on 

 the shoulders, chest broad, barrel whoop- 

 ed, and deep, well ribbed home to the 

 hips, 3 



Art. 4. Back straight from the wea- 

 thers to the setting of the tail, at right 

 angles to the tail. Tail fine, hanging 

 two inches below the hock, 3 



Art. 5. Hide thin and moveable, mel- 

 low, well covered with a fine soft hair of 

 a good color, 3 



Art. 6. Fore arm large and powerful, 

 legs short and straight, swelling and tuU 

 above the knee, and fine below it, 2 



Art. 7. Hind quarters, from the buckle 

 to the point of the rump, long and well 

 filled up; the legs not to cross behind in 

 walking, 2 



Art. 8. Growth, 1 



Art. 9. General appearance, 2 



Perfection, 28 



No prize to be awarded to a bull having less 

 than twenty points. 



SCALE OF POINTS FOR COWS AND HEIFFRS. 



Points. 



Art. 1. Breed, on male and female 

 sides, reputed for producing rich and yel- 

 low butter, 4 



Art. 2. Head small, fine and tapering 

 — eye full and lively, muzzle fine and 

 encircled witli white, Iiorns polished and 

 a little crumpled, tipped with black, ears 

 email, of an orange color within, 8 



Art. 3. Back straight from the weth- 

 ers to the setting on of the tail, chest 

 deep, and nearly of a line with the belly. 



Art. 4. Hide thin, moveable, but not 

 too loose, well covered with fine and short 

 hair of good color, 



Art. ?). Barrel hooped and deep, well 

 ribbed home, having but little space be- 

 tween the ribs and hips, tail fine, hang- 

 ing two inches below the hock, 



Art. 6. Fore legs straight and fine, 

 thighs full and long, close together when 

 viewed from behind ; hind legs short, and 

 bones rather fine ; hoof small, hind legs 

 not to cross in walking. 



Art. 7. Udder full, well up behind ; 

 teats square and largely placed, being 

 wide apart ; milk veins large and swell- 

 ing. 



Art. 8. Growth, 



Art. 9. General appearance, 



Perfection for cows, 30 



Two points shall be deducted for the num- 

 ber required for the perfection of heifers, as 

 their udders and milk veins cannot be fully 

 disclosed. 



No prize shall be awarded to cows having 

 less than twenty-one, or to heifers having less 

 than fourteen points. 



REMARKS ON NEAT CATTLE. 



1. The head small and clean, to lessen the 

 quantity of offal. 2. Theneck thin and clean, 

 to lighten the fore-end, as well as to lessen 

 the collar, and make it fit close and easy to 

 the animal in work. 3. The carcass large, the 

 chest deep, and the bosom broad, with the ribs 

 standing out full from the spine; to give 

 strength of frame and constitution, and to al- 

 low sufiicient room fbr the intestines within 

 the ribs. 4. The shoulders should be light 

 of bone, and round off at tlie lower point, 

 that the collar may be easy but bi oad, to give 

 strength ; and vrcll covered with flc-h, for the 

 greater ease of draught, as well as to furnish 

 a desired point in fattening cattlf. 5. The 

 back ought to bo wide and level throughout; 

 the quarters long; the thighs tiiin, iind stand- 

 ing narrow at the round bone ; the udder large 

 when fill], but thin and loose when empty, 

 to hold the greater quantity of milk — with 

 large dug-veins to fill it, and long elastic tents 

 for drawing it off with greater case. 6. The 

 legs (below the knee and hock,) straight, and 

 of a middle length ; their bones, in general, 

 light and clean from fleshiness, but for the 

 purposes of strength and activity. 7. The 

 flesli should be mellow in the state of flesli- 

 ne.'-s, and firm in the state of fiifnrss. 8. The 

 hide mellow, and of a middle thickness, though 

 in our author's opinion this is a point not well 

 determined. — Marshall. 



