NO. 4. 



jcuxpeiises unLt jrruLncus uj ^rup.-i. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



-No. I. 



Sxpenses and Proceeds of Crops 



Mr. Editor, — I here send you some ac- 

 onnt of the proceeds of a farm of fifty-six 

 cres, within reach of the Philadelphia mar- 

 et, together with the management . of the 

 ime. There are five fields, of eight acres 

 ach, which form a five years rotation in the 

 )]lowing order: 1 — ^Corn, 2 — Oats, 3 — 

 Vheat, 4 and 5 — Grass. The remainder is 

 ivided into orchard, meadow, and truck 

 round. Each field is manured and limed 

 whenever it is sown with wheat. The ac- 

 ount for the year 1838, as near as I am able 

 ) make it out, stands thus — 



Farm. 



To 12 months labor, at SIO, J 



To 6 do. do., 



To interest on 56 acres at $100 per acre. . . . 

 To do. on $1000— value of stock, &c., 



To seed 



To 400 bushels of lime at 12i, 



To 10 per cent, on S400 worth of implementi 



for wear and tear, 



To 300 bushels of oats consumed, 



To 16 loads of hay, 



To 100 do. manure at $1 .50, 



To 200 bushels of ruta baga at 30 cts., 



Toheepof Gsheep, at $3 50, 



! 120 00 

 60 00 



336 00 

 60 (10 

 44 00 

 50 00 



' 40 00 

 135 00 

 246 00 

 150 00 

 60 00 

 21 00 



! 1322 00 



180 



CR. 



140 bushels of corn at 80 cts $ 112 00 



300 " oats at 45 135 00 



50 " potatoes at 80, 40 00 



50 " beets at .30, 15 00 



200 " ruta baga at 30 60 00 



100 " apples at 75. 75 00 



timothy seed at 13 24 00 



wheat at $1 75, 315 00 



16 dozen brooms at $2 50, 40 00 



Oloadsofclover hay at $12, 72 011 



2 '■ rye grass at $15, 30 00 



8 " timothyat$18 144 00 



8 cwt. of pork at $8 64 00 



boiling corn, 50 00 



fruit and poultry 50 00 



profit on 25 sheep 25 00 



straw and stalks 30 loads at $5, l.-iO 00 



Wool 20 00 



6 lambs at $3, and calves at $4, 42 00 



increased value on 4 young o.xen and one 



colt 50 00 



wintering 4 horses, 1-2 weeks, at .$1, ... 48 00 

 profits from G cows 6 months, 72 00 



$ 1633 00 

 1322 00 



Balance, clear profit, $311 00 



I have here credited the farm with all its 

 )roducts — (whether sold or used in the fami- 

 y) at the prices which they could readily 

 ommand at the time, and have made it debtor 

 all which were consumed by the operative 

 )art of the stock. I have placed the manure 

 )n this side as a counterpart to the stalks and 

 !traw, which are mostly eaten by dry cattle 

 n the winter. I will now speak of the difl^er- 

 >nt main crops in the order in which they 

 ;ome, giving a synopsis of the mode of culti- 



vation, and an account with each field, taken 

 from a journal kept at the time. 



First — Corn. — Seven acres, clay loam, 

 with a gravelly subsoil, two years old sod, 

 finished ploughing in twenty- one pace lands 

 on the sixth of May, pa-^sed over it three 

 times with a heavy harrow before the twelfth, 

 once on the line of the furrows, and crossing 

 them in each direction at an angle of forty- 

 five degrees ; marked out the rows with a sled 

 (made for the purpose) four feet apart both 

 ways — put five or six grains in a place, the 

 first dressing ran the cultivator once in a row, 

 one way; second and third twice in a row, 

 crossing the previous dressing each time, the 

 fourth and last dressing, threw a slight furrow 

 to the corn with a plough, followed once in a 

 row by the cultivator. It was thinned to four 

 stalks in each hill ; cutoff at the ground, and 

 put in shocks of thirty-six hills each in Sep- 

 tember, and husked in the field, and the stalks 

 bound and liauled home in November — the 

 account kept with this field is — 



No. 1. 



DR. 



To ploughing, 4i days at .$2,.... $9 00 



To harrowing, 3 times 3 00 



To marking out 2 00 



To planting and seed 2 50 



To thinning, 1 00 



To tending, 9 00 



$26 50 



CR. 



By 140 bushels of corn at 80 cents, .$112 00 



Deduct e.\penses, 26 50 



Balance, $85 50 



The corn turned o^ but twenty bushels per 

 acre ; it was a poor crop, owing to the extreme 

 drought. It also received injury in thinning, 

 as this was deferred until the stalks had taken 

 too firm a hold of each other by the roots, to 

 be separated without hurt to those wliich were 

 intended to be left. I am however fully satis- 

 fied, that it is much the best plan, always to 

 put in more seed than you desire plants, and 

 thin out the supernumerary ones, rather than 

 depend upon replanting, in case of partial 

 failure. ^ 



Second — Oat.s. — Sandy loam, sloping to 

 the south. April 12th, sowed oats — after 

 corn — harrowed once before sowing, twice af- 

 ter and rolled, — two bushels of seed per acre, 

 harvested about the 21st of July. 



Account with No. 2. 



DR. 



To ploughing, 3 days at $2, $6 00 



To harrowing 3 times, 3 00 



To rolling, 1 00 



To 14 bushels of seed oats at 45 cents, 6 ,30 



To sowing, 20 



To harvesting, 12 00 



$28 50 



