No. 12. Machinery. — Agricullurc- 



5th. An intelligent population, which, 

 when once acquainted -with this brancli of 

 industry, will soon bring it to great perfec- 

 tion ; a population understanding- the use and 

 management of machinery, and famous for 

 improvements and inventions. 



The following shows the amount of money 

 paid by the United States, during a specified 

 time, to foreign countries for sugar : 



In the year ]832 $2,933,083 



1833 4.752,318 



1834 5,.537,829 



1835 G,H0G,1S4 



183G 12,514,551 



By the adoption of this new branch of in- 

 dustry, the sums at present paid for import- 

 ing sugar would be, in short, a clear gain to 

 the country : its agriculture would be im- 

 proved, and thousands of acres of exhausted 

 and deteriorated land would again be taken 

 up and improved. To procure the necessary 

 manure for this purpose, the farmer would 

 be obliged to increase his live stock, which 

 would find, during the winter season, plenty 

 of food in the residuum of the manufactory. 

 It would increase the consumption of sugar 

 among the less wealthy class, and would 

 make their condition of life more comfortable, 

 and, of consequence, greatly extend the popu- 

 lation of the country. 



An acre of good cultivated land yields, on 

 an average, twenty tons of the beet root. — 

 Beets were sold this fall, near Boston, for 

 $5 per ton. 



One ton of beets yielded, when treated 

 after the new method, 180 lbs. of white re- 

 ined sugar. The cost of manufacturing a 

 ton of beets into sugar would be, at a very 

 high estimate, ^6. One hundred and eighty 

 pounds of refined beet sugar would cost $11, 

 or Gy'p cents per pound, for which we now 

 pay, at the lowest rate, 15 cents." — .American 

 Farmer. 



■Deep Ploughing. — Mnwivg. 



371 



Power of Machinery. 



It is calculated that two hundred human 

 arms with machines now manufacture as 

 much cotton as twenty millions of arms 

 were able to manufacture without machines, 

 forty years ago. It is further calculated, 

 that the quantity of manufactures of all sorts, 

 at present produced by British workmen, 

 with the aid of machines, is so great, that it 

 would require, without that aid,/owr hundred 

 millions of workmen ! 



Agriculture. 



Agriculture is the most certain source of 

 domestic riches and true liberty ; where it is 

 neglected, whatever wealth maybe imported 

 from abroad, poverty and misery will abound 



at home. Such is, and ever will be, the 

 fluctuating stale of trade and manufacture, 

 tiiat thousands of people may be in full em- 

 ployment to-ilay, and in beggary to-morrow: 

 this can never happen to those who cultivate 

 the ground— they can eat the fruits of their 

 labour, and can always, by industry, obtain 

 at least the necessaries of life. 



HoLINSHEAD. 



Deep Ploughing. 



The success of one half of any one of his 

 fields, under a regular deep tillage, compared 

 with the other half, under a shallow tillage, 

 will be the best and most convincing aro-u- 

 ment in favour of deep ploughing that can 

 be laid before the practical fanner. Lands 

 which have hitherto been ploughed shallow, 

 on receiving the first deep ploughing, will 

 generally fail, in some measure, in producinor 

 a good crop ; this has disheartened some 

 that have made trial of it, and has caused 

 them to abandon it immediately again ; but 

 the action of the sun and atmosphere on the 

 up-turned clay, will contribute greatly to its 

 fertilization ; this being turned down and 

 the former surface brought up again, with 

 the aid of proper manures, will create a deep 

 soil, and render it fertile and productive. — 

 Franklin Farmer. 



Instructions to Young Blowers. 



Every farmer, who has employed many 

 mowers, has had occasion to pity the man- 

 ner in which some of them "dragged their 

 slow swarths along," while he was delighted 

 with the ease, the rapidity, and smoothness 

 with which others, of far less strength, would 

 pass over the field. 



The instructions of a kind and indulgent 

 father, on this subject, are not only fresh in 

 my memory, but have made first-rate mowers 

 of many young men, and perhaps may be 

 useful to some of those who may mow for 

 the first time hereafter. I say for the first 

 time, because very few change a bad habit 

 (of mowing particularly) after it is once ac- 

 quired. "As the twig is bent, the tree is 

 inclined ;" so with those who use the scythe. 

 Therefore, let the boy of fourteen mow one 

 or two hours in each day, during the haying 

 season, for two or three years, when, by the 

 following directions, he may be able to suc- 

 cessfully compete with the strong but illy 

 instructed. Let his snathe and scythe be 

 very light, and the scythe of razor-like edge, 

 and so hung, that when suspended on the 

 finger by the lower neb, the point and heel 

 of the scythe may be at equal distances from 

 the ground. When at the edge of the grass, 

 let an old and good mower, (who is to walk 



