T1IK HANDY MAN ON T1IK FARM. 



S85 



Staining and varnishing is often dune to the walls of wooden buildings 

 eternally instead of painting, and, besides loosing well, is cheaper. The 

 stain may be boiled linseed oil, oil of creosote, or Linseed oil mixed with 

 umber, Vandyke brown, sienna, or other staining pigments, and a coat of 

 varnish put on i" finish with. This may be done on either hardwood or pine 

 boards. 



All work, whether inside or outside, should be carefully prepared if a 

 good job is desired. The whole should be carefully cleaned down, all knots 

 of a resinous nature treated with a coal of knotting varnish or glue size, and 

 the firsl coal carefully applied. When thi^ has dried, all cracks, nail 

 holes. &c., must be properly stopped with putty, and ruhhed nil' smoothly. 

 The putty musl not be put in until the first coat has been applied, otherwise 

 the wood will absorb the oil out of the putty and it will Eade out. Before 

 the second COa1 is applied the first must be thoroughly hardened and dry. and 

 the same applies to the' lasl coat. 



In preparing old work for painting, it is necessary first to see that all 

 repairs to window-, doors, mouldings, &c, are done by the carpenter, and 

 then to clean down as before mentioned, raking out all loose putty; and 

 where the surface is had or blistered, it will be necessary to rub off with 

 pumice-stone and water. Use a lump of pumice with a flat face on it, and 

 rub off the old paint down to a smooth surface. All putty in the sashes 

 should be looked to, and. if necessary, cut out and renewed. All ironwork, 

 such as verandah roofs, gutters, down-piper, and tanks, should be scraped 

 off clean, and these should he painted in one coat only, to a finish. 



Materials used. 



Briefly, the materials of which ordinary paint is composed are white lead, 

 linseed oil, driers, turps, and various other ingredients to obtain the required 

 colours. The latter are called ' 'stainers." 



The oil soaks into and fills the pores of the wood, forming a resinous 

 surface, which keeps out the air. The driers quicken the drying process of 

 the oil, and the white lead gives a body to the paint, combining with the 

 oil. Turps (or turpentine) is used merely to save oil and make the paint 

 spread or work more freely. It soon evaporates, and takes no part in pro- 

 tecting the wood. Red lead is generally used with the first or priming coat, 

 as it dries well and 3ets hard. 



Proportions of Lead, Oil, &c, to use. 



The following should make sufficient paint to cover about 100 square 

 yards of now work: — 



For flatted work mix the lead with turps only. 



For outside work lj pints of raw and 1 j of boiled linseed oil may be used 

 for the lasl coat, instead of 2i pints of raw oil. 



