TF^E FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR. 



of the road will not cast half its shadow on to your 

 land — it will not •jct more tlian half its nourish- 

 ment from it. You can well aft'.ird, tiicn, to let the 

 public have a portion of its fruit — but if you want 

 it all, why, have late winter fruit and the public 

 Will not eat niucii of it in the autuuni. You may 

 secure all that is valuable. 



By scttinir trees thus, you have twice as much 

 fruit on half the usual quantity of land. Y"ou ac- 

 commodate the public, and you kill the bushes by 

 the wall-side. 



Some people expressed surprise the other even- 

 ing, at the State house, that the earth under a stone 

 ivall should be lighter than that in an open field. 

 They had never heard of it before. But all farm- 

 ers of observation know the fact. 'J hey also know 

 that trees flourish better near a wall. There are 

 various icas.jus for this. The air and the earth are 

 w-.iruier— the earth is richer, for it is never exliaust- 

 cd by producing crops of grain. And where a large 

 wall aifoids a shelter and a shade, it is reasonable to 

 Buppjse that various salts are here accumulated— 

 for instance salt-petre — which is usually found in 

 sheltered situations. 



Another reason why the soil is foujid richer l)y 

 the road-aide is to be traced in the clouds of dust 

 that are blown from a trav-llcd road and are con- 

 st-mtly lodging in the adjoining fields. 



(/hi. liucUminstcr, Esq. 



Tr.iKiD.\D— L.vKE Pircii.— The Trinidad papers 

 contain some interesting particulars relating to an 

 experiment recently made at that island, on board 

 the steauibot Pluto, Lieut. Lunn, in the use of 

 pitch from the like as a substitute for coal, in gen- 

 crating steam. Tho Bermuda Gazette, in trans- 

 cribing the particulars, oflers the following re- 

 marks : 



"The trial, though marie under many disadvan- 

 tages, proves that this pitch will form a most ex- 

 cellent fuel, and that when used with coal, the 

 proportions should be about two-thirds of the forui- 

 cr to one of the latter. We learn from a gi .itle- 

 nian lately arrived here from Trinidad, that sever- 

 al of the estates, particularly those in the neigh- 

 borhood of the like, have for several months past 

 been using the pilch as fuel in their boilmg hous- 

 es, and that they have found it a most valuable and 

 economical substitute for coal, which article has 

 occasionally, in that island, it seems, reached the 

 enormous price of twenty dollars a hogshead. We 

 also learn that there arc at the present period agents 

 at London and Pr.ris, who are actively engaged in 

 collecting the pitch for transportation, and that 

 several large vessels have already been dispatched 

 to England and France, laden with this novel arti- 

 cle of commerce. One of these companies, we be- 

 lieve the Parisian, has offered the Colonial Gov- 

 ernment the sum of jC'.J:),000 for the exclusive priv- 

 ileo-e of workmg the mine ; but this offer was, it 

 seems, rejected, tlie Governuient deeming it more 

 advisable that it s'lould, for the present at least, he 

 free to all, than be monopolized by any trading com- 

 pany. Guthrie, in his Geography, says that "there 

 ii in Trinidad a remarkable production of nature, 

 being a bituminous lake, or rather plain, called Tar 

 lake, ah nit three miles in circuit. The substance 

 which is here found has the consistence and aspect 

 of pit coal ; it breaks into glossy fragments of a 

 cellular appearance ; a gentle heat renders it duc- 

 tile, and, mixed with grease or common pitch, it is 

 used for smearing the bottom of ships. In many 

 parts of the woods it is found in a liquid state." 



The Govcrnar of Trinidad has recently ordered 

 a topographical survey of the pitch lake, as also 

 its elevation above the sea, to be ascertained. Al- 

 though immense quantities of the pitch have been 

 shipped, still there does not appear to be the least 

 diminution in tlie size of the lake, and it is as.serted 

 that th?re is a sufiioieucy of it "to supply a whole 

 navy of steam vessels for centuries with fuel." 



This pitch, for the most part, we are told, is ship- 

 ped in bulk ; that which is obtained in a liquid state 

 is, Inv.'ever, put into barrels; but the utmost care 

 is requisite hi packing, as it dilates much. 



moment that the approaching power must prove to- 

 tally inadequate to its task. 



" If tlie character of this noble creature b" con- 

 sidered for a moment with tlint of ahorse, the com- 

 parison is curious. With sutticiint coals and wa- 

 ter in his manger. Which, it must be observed, 

 whenever he travels he takes with him, he can, if 

 the aggregate of his dny's work be considered, 

 carry every day for ten miles at the rate of sixteen 

 miles an hour, the weight of an army of'il,.5v)4 

 men, of 10 stone 10 lbs. each ; whereas a good horse 

 could not at tUe same pace, and for the same dis- 

 tance, continue to carry every day more thnn one 

 such man. For a distance of eighty miles he can 

 carry the weight of 2,GS3 men, at a rate (sixteen 

 miles an hour) that neither the hare, the antebtpe, 

 nor the race-horse could keep up with him. No 

 journey ever tires him ; he is never heard to grum- 

 ble or hiss but for want of work ; the faster he goes 

 the more ravenously ho feeds ; and for two j'ears 

 he can thus travel without medicine or surgery. It 

 requires however £2,000 a year to support him. 

 We might to 'hese observations add the graver re- 

 flection that, ashy tiie invention of the Ulescope, 

 man lias extended his vision beyond that of the ea- 

 gle, so by the inventinn of the locomotive engine, 

 has he now surpassed, in spc i, every quadruped 

 on the globe ; we will, however, detain the en- 

 ■rine no longer, but for a few moments will, with 

 our readers, accompany the train with which it has 

 now stnrted. 



"The dashing at full steam speed into the small 

 black orifices of the tunnels — the midnight dark- 

 ness that prevails lliere — the flashes of light which 

 occasionally denote the air shafts — the sudden re- 

 turn to the jovous sunshine of this world — the fig- 

 ures of the company's gi'^n servants, who, as the 

 train whisks past them, stand all in the sauie al- 

 titude, motionless as statues, with v.'hite flags (the 

 emblem of safety) in their extended right hands — 

 the occasional shrill, plaintive whistle or scream, 

 by which the engine, whenever necessary, scares 

 the workmen froui the rolls — the meteor-like meet- 

 ing of a returning train, of which in transitu., no 

 more is seen than of the colored figures on one of 

 the long strips of painted glass, which, after slow 

 exhibition before children, are, by the showman, 

 rapidly drawn across the lens of his magic lan- 

 tern — all these sensations unite in making the tra- 

 veller practically sensible of the astonishing velo- 

 city with wliicli not only he and his fellow passen- 

 gers,each seated in his arm-chair, but heavy goods, 

 can nov," be transported." 



R.ULROAD EsGisE.— The following grand de- 

 scription of this new and mighty animal, that is 

 now careering through our laud, we extract from 

 the last Quarterly Review : 



"The London and Liverpool line, of eighteen or 

 twenty huge cars, besides private carriages on run- 

 ners, caravans full of horses, wagons cf heavy 

 goods, &c. &c. The immense weight, upwards 

 of ei(rhty tons, to be transported at such a pace to 

 Eucii a distance, when comijared to the slight neat 

 outline of the esgise, the circumference of whose 

 black fuuuel pipe would not twice go round the 

 neck of an antelope, and wliose bright copper boil- 

 er would not twice equal the girth or barrel of a 

 race horse, induces the stranger tJ apprehend for a 



The J'uture. — If we were to propliesy that, in 

 the year 1930, a population of fifty millions, better 

 fed, clad, and lodged, liian the English of our time, 

 will cover these islands; that Sussex and Huut- 

 ingtonshire will be wealthier than the wealthiest 

 parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire now are; that 

 cultivation, rich as tkat of a flower garden, will be 

 carried up to tlie tops of Ben Nevis and Helvellyn : 

 that machines, . constructed on principles yet un- 

 discovered, will be in every house ; that there 

 will be no highways but rail roads, no travelling 

 but by steam ; that our debt, as vast rs it seems to 

 us, will appear to our great grand children atrifling 

 incumbrance, which might easily be paid olf in a 

 year or two ; many people would tliink us insane. 

 Yet, if any person had told the parliament which 

 met in perplexity and terror after the crash in 1720, 

 that in a century the wealth of England would sur- 

 pass all their wildest dreams; that the annual rev- 

 enue would equal the principal of that debt wlilcli 

 they considered as an intolerable burden ; that for 

 one man of 10,000/. then living there would be five 

 men of 50,000/ ; that London w-ould be twice as 

 large and twice as populous, and that nevertiieless 

 the mortality would ii.ive diminished to one liilf of 

 what it then was ; tint the post oince would bring 

 more into the excheijuer than the excise and cus- 

 toms had brought in togetiier under Charles! I,; 

 that stage coaches would run from London to York 

 in 24 hours ; that men would sail without wind, 

 and would be beginning to ride Witiiout horses — ■ 

 our ancestors would li.ive given as much credit to 

 the prediction as to Gulliver's Travels. 



Edinliurirh Review. 



Early Rising. — " From March to November, at 

 least, no cause save 5lckue33,or one of equal v/elght, 

 should retain us in bed a moment after the sun has^ 

 risen; " so says Ur. GnmviHe, in liis Catechism of 

 Health, upon whose rules however, we cmuol con- 

 sent to act. The following, from Time's Telescope, 

 is more in accordance with our notions; " Whoev- 

 er is found in bed after six o'clock, from May-day 

 to Michaelmas, cannot, in any conscience, expect 

 to be free from some ailineut or other dependent on 

 relaxed nerves, stulTed lungs, disordered bile, or 

 impaired digeetion. Nothing can be dime — abso- 

 lutely nothing— if you do not rise early, except 

 drugging your draughts, a luxury which the indo- 

 lent morning sleeper must prepare himself to pur- 

 chase dearly. We give him )oy of his choice ; bid 

 him good bye, and springing out into the sunny air, 

 we gather iiealth from every breeze, and become 

 young again among the glittering May-dew and 

 "the laughing May-flowers. ' Wliat a luxury do the 

 sons of sloth lose !' says llervey, in his flowery Re- 

 flections on a Flower Garden ; ' little, ah ! little i,s 

 the slugsard sensible how great a pleasure he fore- 

 goes for the poorest o*" all ani-iral gratifications '.' 

 Be persuaded; make an efi'ort to shake oflf the per- 

 nicious habit. ' Go forth,' as King Solomon says, 

 ' to the fields ; lodge in the villages ; ;'c/ vj> early 

 to the vineyards;' mark tiie budding flowers ; lis- 

 ten to the joyous birds ; in a word, cultivate morn- 

 ing pleasures, and health and vigor will most cer- 

 tainly follow." — The Doctor. 



How to cultivate Mulberry Trees. 



The best practical men admit that a light sandy 

 loam is best for trees,— all cold, clammy, wet soils 

 to be avoided. The earth should be well ploughed 

 and harrowed, and made as free as possible from ev- 

 ery foreign substance. For cuttings, it is thought 

 that most plants will be gained by having but one 

 bud on each ; but it is optional with the cultivator, 

 as cither way will answer. They should be placed 

 in the earth with the eye uppermost, giving the top 

 a little inclination to the south, crowding the soil 

 closely about it with the thumb and finger, and 

 then drawing over it a slight covering of an inch 

 or two of earth. .Another more expeditious way 

 is to drop the cuttings like corn, with the eye up- 

 permost, ond then pressing the earth upon them 

 with a hoe. L.aycrs should be put down in a trench 

 a few inches below the grnuud ; and the rools,when 

 put out, must have at least one ctir connected with 

 them. When trees are designed for market, they 

 sdiould be about three feet apart and the rows a- 

 bout four feet wide. When put out as permanent 

 trees for feeding worms, the distance should be six 

 feet at least each way. Seed should be soaked 

 twenty-four hours in warm water, and then 

 rolled in wood ashes. Sow it on rich soil, cover 

 it a quarter of un inch, and press the earth. Keep 

 the plants free from weeds, whether they are for 

 seed or cuttings. — J\'vrthampto)t Courier. 



Revolutio.vakv Aim 

 in an old V'enuont paper 



. — We rind the following 

 The number of regulars 

 furnished to the revolutionary army were, by New 

 England, 117,'141 ; by the middle States, 56,571 ; 

 by the southern States, 56,!>'J7. It appears by t'le 

 above, that New England, consisting of NewHamp- 

 shire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Conucoti- 

 cut, furnished more troops for the defence of the 

 country, than the other '.) States, 3872. The num- 

 ber of troops furnished by SouthCarollna'was 6,447; 

 Massachusetts (J7,907 ; Georgia 2,697; Connecti- 

 cut 31,939 ! 



Oilessa U'hetit. — Six thousand miles from New 

 York, in the interior of the eastern continent, and 

 in the heart of the most despotic government on 

 earlli, is a city containing sixty thousand inhabi- 

 tants, sprung up where but forty years since only 

 a few fishermen's huts existed, and at the wharves 

 of which now, two hundred vessels are so.metimes 

 seen at a lime exchanging the various products of 

 the east and the west. That city is Odessa ; and 

 the wheat shipped from this plac(> in large quanti- 

 ties to the countries of the Mediterranean, Portu- 

 gal, Spain, Great Britain, and to the shame of A- 

 merican agriculture be it said, to this country olso, 

 is known by the name of Odessa wheal. The 

 whole innnense extent of Southern Russia, inclu- 

 ding the Crimea, is a vost plain, rich in the soil, 

 and wherever cultivated, producing as does the 

 same range of country in Poland, and the north of 

 Germany, the most luxuriant crops. It is divided 

 off* into immense seignorica, or as it would be cal- 

 led at the South, plantations, cuUivated by white 

 slaves of whom some of the proprietors own from 

 twenty thousand to one hundred thousand, and 

 these men clothed in undressed sheep skin, and 

 performing all their operations in the most primi- 

 tive, barbarous manner, arcstUI able to send wheat 

 to tlrs country, and it is said at a handsome pro- 

 fit. To England the trade in Black Sea or Odessa 

 wheal, is an object of consequence ; and now when 

 in consequence of the partial failure of the crop, 

 the ports are thrown open fcr the importation of 

 grain, the supply from this source promises not to 

 be the least abundant in meeting the wants of a 

 half famished population, — .V. Y. Eis. Post. 



The best f'armers are these who combine the most 

 intelligence with the most practical industry, sound 

 economy, and good taste. 



