144 



THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR. 



the sides of the road opposite your land, from these 

 pests to tlie (armcr. Now is your time to take 

 your c-cythe or lioe and cut them down to prevent 

 their going to seed and returning you a lumdred 

 fold more trouble next year. A double advantage 

 may be gained by doing this if you will take the 

 trouble to gather tliom up and throw them into your 

 hog yard. '' You will get the thanks of your swine 

 in the form of a number of additional lbs. of pork 

 in vnur barrel ne.xt fall, and a lot of good manure 

 into the bargain. 



But if vou have a piece of land that is very 

 weedy wliich you wish to till nextycar, mow them 

 by ali means, lot them lay upon the ground until 

 thev get dry and then burn it over. In this way 

 yoii will not only destroy the weeds, but all the 

 eggs and larva of insects that may be depesited 

 therein, and clean the piece and prepare it finely 

 for a crop of grain. — Maine Farmer, of July. 



From Ihu I'hiladelphia Fa.'nier's Cabinet. 

 Paring and Burning. 



Much land not worth a rent of 25 cents per a- 

 cre, has been advanced by paring and burning to 

 thirty times that sum on 21 years leases. If it is 

 done in a workmanlike manner, it will yield from 

 50 to 60 cart loads of 40 bushels each, or 2000 busli- 

 eJs of ashes per acre. This operation destroys all 

 grubs, bugs, worms and insects with their whole 

 progeny, eggs, &c., which any farmer would be 

 glad to get rid of at the expense of the whole 

 work, and at tlie same moment it converts mere 

 rubbish into fertilizing manuic. An improver of 

 land should cordially embrace a method, singular 

 in that admirable circumstance, of reducing the 

 wildest, bleakest desert, in the space of a single 

 month, into profitable crops. Mr. Exter, a gentle- 

 man who had long practised it, tells us that some 

 years ago he broke upagrass field, paring and burn- 

 ing one°half and fallowing the remainder by three 

 plougliiniis and six harrowings, the land of equal 

 goodness ; and the whole was then sown with 

 wheat. The burnt part produced 3-3 bushels per a- 

 cre, the fallowed half 17 bushels per acre : the for- 

 mer, a very clean crop, the latter full of weeds. 

 The next year the whole was sown with winter 

 tares, or vetclies, 2 1 -'2 bushels per acre: on the 

 burnt part they were, in the spring, 14 inches high, 

 on tlie other, six inches only ; they were then fold- 

 ed oft' by shrep. The second crop which sprung 

 up was ia inches high on the burnt part, and 4 in- 

 ches on the other, and a third crop with the same 

 difference was eaten also; thus the field was fold- 

 ed with sheep three times for this single crop of 

 tnres. The land was then dunged and sown with 

 turnips; the burnt side was by far the most flour- 

 ishing, but at Christmas, there was no material dif- 

 fi>rence ; they were carted off and housed for win- 

 ter food. Barley succeeded, which was considera- 

 bly best on the burnt side ; clover was sown with 

 it, and was fed off by sheep ; the burnt side was 

 closer eaten than the fallowed side, as if preferred 

 bv sheep on account of its superior sweetness. 

 The field was then left to go to grass, and is now 

 very good, but better on the burnt side by the whole 

 of the rent, being free from moss, and a far sweet- 

 er pasture for cattle. Liming afler paring and burn- 

 ing i.^ excellent manngement. 



L; This operation turns the sod upside down, and 

 where it is thickly covered with long grass or dwarf 

 bushes, it is kept up by them a few inches from the 

 ground, so. that it readily dries sudiciently, and is 

 frequently burnt in that state ; this is a saving of 

 much labor and expense, not only the piling of 

 sods into heaps, but also in carrying abroad the ash- 

 es afler the burning is over; the fire should be ap- 

 plied when the wind is in the direction of the fur- 

 rows, and be commenced on the windward side of 

 the field. 



Paring is generally performed by hand, with what 

 is called the breast plough, but there is no doubt 

 the work could be done most efriciently by "Pioii- 

 ty's sod plough," if the irons were kept sliarp by 

 frequent grinding. Tliis would be an immense sav- 

 ing of expense and time, which is of far more im- 

 jiortance. Lands which are overrun with the wild 

 onion, are effectually cleared of this pest by paring 

 and burninn-, and the best and easiest method of 

 cleaning the corners of fields, which have become 

 overgrown with weeds and bushes, and the lands 

 adioining old fences, &.C., is to pare them, if it be 

 only with the spade and mattock, build the sods in- 

 to large heaps, with a little brush v/ood in the cen- 

 tre, and fire them, leaving them to slow combus- 

 tion. The ashes will p ly the cost of labor ten 

 times over, hut they must not be left too long ex- 

 posed after the fire is extinguished, as the alkali 

 which they contain is quickly washed away by 



the I'cry small. loads of leached ashes which are 

 carried away by barge loads for manure, I feci in- 

 dined to remind the purchasers that, with half the 

 expense, they could make ten times the quantily, 

 by gathering up the rubbish around thoir houses 

 and setting fire to it ; thus saving the cost and la- 

 bor of cartage also, a serious item at busy seasons, 

 and adding greatly to the neatness and respectable 

 appearance of their hoinestea<I. J. R. G. 



Buck's County, June 1st, lf<'30. 



Early Rising 



Is conducive alike to health, to pleasure and to 

 profit — we mean the farmer. To health,hecause it 

 gives exercise when the atmosphere is most eool, 

 pure and bracing. To pleasure, because nature is 

 then in her most lovely garb, and the birds most 

 full of song. To profit, because the two morning 

 . hours effect more in labor, and avert more mischief, 

 than four hours at mid-day. Early rising, and ex- 

 ercise in open air, arc the best stiuiuli for our meals, 

 the best anodyne for sound sleep, the best solace 

 for care, and the best evidence of thrift. "Come 

 lioijs," is the best reveille upon the farm. The far- 

 mer who rises late, is generally behind his work ; 

 while he who rises early keeps before it. 



.ilbanij Cultivator, 



rams. 



When I am on the wharves of the i 



ity, and see 



Diminution of J\'cat Cattle in Vermont. — It ap- 

 pears from official returns, that the number of cat- 

 tle in Vermont underwent a diminution, between 

 1832 and 1837, of more than 40,000 head ; and that 

 in the same period the number of sheep was in- 

 creased one million. In regard to the exclusive 

 slieep husbandry, Mr. Coleman gives the'foUowing 

 relation, as an evidence at least of the inconven- 

 ience, which is liable to result from it. "Two years 

 since, some of the best families in the county of 

 Berkshire were without bfcad of any kind for a 

 time, from the impossibility of obtaining it. They 

 w'cre persons, for example, who worked for the large 

 wool farmers. They asked for money for their la- 

 bor ; but money was not to be had, because of the 

 clipping of wool, owing to the derangement of bu- 

 siness, had not been sold. They asked to receive 

 their pay in grain ; but the wool farmers had a- 

 bandoni d all cultivation, for the wool husbandry. 

 They asked for their pay in pork ; but the farmers 

 wlio raised no grain, could raise no pork." 



.Albany Cultivator. 



Improvement in Pin-maUing. — In Britain, pin- 

 making is divided into seven different processes, 

 and the pins, ere they are fit for market, pass thro' 

 seven sets of hands. Babbage shows, that one half 

 the expense of manufacturing is saved by this di- 

 vision of labor. Messrs. Stourm, Jillson'& Co of 

 Poughkeepsic, by a new invented machine, have 

 reduced the manufacture almost to a single process. 

 "The wire of which the pins are made, " says the 

 Poughkeepsie Journal, "is taken into tiie machines, 

 and the process of making the pins, with solid 

 heads, all from the wire, is completed by the ma- 

 chines, leaving nothing remaining to be done, ex- 

 cept the washing and placing them upon papers. 

 One man will attend two machines, and each ma- 

 chine will turn out 100,000 pins in eleven hours. 

 The proprietors have now two tons on hand, »f a 

 quality far superior to all others." 



Jilbany Cultivator. 



.1 side of Durham Cattle — belonging to Messrs. 

 Gratz & Cooper, took place near Lexington, Ky., 

 on the 14th June. Three males sold for $;I00, $2ti0, 

 and 7G0 ; and seven females for $G01, $630, $G31, 

 $700, $861, §446 and $1,050— average $685,00— 

 as stated in the FranlJin Farmer. 



PRICES CURRENT. 



JVeio Yurk, lyettttr^^duij itiwa, Sept.in. Tlie Journal uf Upiii- 

 merce s.iys the news liuin Eiiriipe brought by llie slp.lilier 

 iUcnl Wfsteni with Ijiverpool dafe.s lo Aii;:. 'Jii, has nut hen- 

 ermeil priLCs. tUtltnn and flonr have nul advanced in price. 

 CdUnn rangeit t'roiii S"; to 1.5 teiils according lo quality. — 

 Flmir, wtipleni canal H'l.^t;,8l to $7,2."). Foilo Ilico Molasses 

 :5.5tu :17 cols. ,Me.?s Ueef $13 10 $14 p. r bill. Perk has de. 

 dined ; lijvss al $I5jj and intineal fia per bbl. I.arU basad- 

 viinced tu 1 1 and 12 cents, jiains, sates at S lo II cents. Sn- 

 car^, .^alee i>( Poitn Uito 7 to 8.4 cents ; .St. Croix at !l to 10 : 

 JNew Orleans ti to 65. Teas, no stock reniaiiiin!:, vind bidd- 

 ers n.*k high prices. Cofl'ee, prices sleaily : Java 13 to 14 — 

 Cuba, &c. y to 10 cents. 



MONK.Y AND EXC-H.INGE.'. 

 There was no material change in the inlcnsily of pressure 

 on the money iiinrkct ; it was probably as severe on Sattirday 

 as at any time be/ore. Bills on Eiigl.ind for the packet ol the 

 7tli, sold at 8i up 111 10 ptein. Slocks recovered somewhat 

 (ill the last days. U. S. Bank Post Notes, sold at 11, per ct. a 

 iiio., until Friday and Siilnrday, when they were in several 

 instances, offered at I§, uilbuut finding buyers; C;-2uOO 'I'reas- 

 tirv .Notes were taken at g dis. ; and Bonds of the Corpota- 

 tirin of New York, which are found in v.Trious sums upon 

 the market, sold at 971; per ct. payable in June iie.vt with 7 

 pel cent, interest. I'ilere were sales of good Mercantile pa- 



per at I J a 2 per cl. a mo., and yet there were considerable 

 amounts of fJrocer's notes, taken at l\. Duinestic exchang- 

 es sland wilb but little alleration, viz, : Richmond, IJaa; 

 Charleslnn, 4 a 5 ; SJavaniiali, 6a » ; Mobile, laj; Florida, au 

 a a.i, and Alississippi, So a 30. , 



Baslon, Sf/it. 19. Sales at auction yesterday. Sugar, I'or- 

 tn Itico, at Sli C5 to S7 25 per 100 lbs. New Orleans $5 12 j 

 llavanna brown $5 ;i5 per 100. Molasses, Porto Rico, 34 els. 

 pergal. Tea, .-ouchong. 4 chesl.s, 3bcl3, per lb. l'ork,wc3l- 

 tern mess, at $15 1-2 per hi. 1. 



Prices at BnaLin Srjjt. 12. Ashes, Pearl, per 100, §6 75 10 

 $7o0 i Pol, 4.5 .')0. Beans, white foreign, bushel SI 73to2 2o 

 — Domestic, <S2 lo $3. Heef, iness, 14 50: No. 1. 13 60; 

 prime 11 .=>0 per blil. Yellow Ueeswa.\ 25 lo 34 cents pound. 

 Cheese, new milk, lOtolScents. Hone Manure pulven/.ed 

 : 5 cents per bushel. Southern Gee--e Feathers 37 to 40 els. 

 lb. Ainenran Flax 9 to 12 cents. Pish, (,'od. Grand Bank 

 per quinlal gj 62, new Haddock 1 50 to 1 75 : .Mackerel, No. 

 1, bbl. 1.7 00; No. a, 10 75. Salmon, No. 1, $-^3. Flour, 

 Genesee, bbl. S6 87 10 7 00. Indian Meal, bbl. 4 00. Corn, 

 SO lo <I7 cents bu.-h. Rve 85. o.its 37. Hay per ton SKi 'o 

 $18. Hops, per lb. IC cents. Boston Lard 11 lo 12 cents. 

 Philadephia Leaiher ;iOcts lb. Boston do. 23; Boslon dry 

 hides S3. Lime besl, cask, $1 00. Mola>ses, New Orleans 

 ■'alboi,34 cents. .«n2ar house do. 58 cents Oil, spring 

 sperm, SI 15 gall. Winter, $123, Plaster of Paris 2200 lbs. 

 S3 00 Pork, clear, $23; mess $17; prime $13 per bid.— 

 Herds grass seed .$3 busb. ; Redlop SI 00; northern cb.ver 

 lb 17t.i20cls. 'I'riud Tallow, lb. 12 cts. Wool, prone Sax- 

 ony. CO to fiS cents lb. Full Blood Meiino.55toi;o. 



Egfis, do7. 20 els. Potatoes 30 10 73 cents per bushel. Ci- 

 der I 75 to $2 bbl. ^ 



THE CATTLE MARKETS. 

 Pkiladitrki". Sei't. .5. Sales brisk and .it an advacce of fifty 

 cents per hundred since tjie report of the previous week. We 

 quote sales of heef catlle, first qunlily al$8 50, seconds 7 .50; 

 thirds $7. Cows and c lives al a small advance: they rang- 

 ed Irem $Q7 tol6!3— one extra at §55. Sheep and lambs, siiji. 

 piv overabundant. Sales al $' 75 to $1 per bead. Hogs at 

 market sold at $7 50ln $8 511 per bundled weipllt. 



Ballunorf, Sevt.^. Prices conlion? firm. Prices grass cat- 

 lie al $•<, and inferior al S7 25 per 100 lbs. 



J\7ic I'nii, .Srj,(. 5. The Beef ivas of good quality, but from 

 the number of caltle sabs were dull. 650 bead sold al $7 to 

 ..jlil—averaoing $9 Ihe lOll lbs. Mitch cows, sal.-s dull i 23 

 sold al S3n lo35, 40 and §48. Sheep and lambs demand 

 fair 3100 sold— sheep al from ja, ^3 60, $4, ^i 60 and $5 : 

 lambs SI .50, Sa and $3 50 each. 



BriThtov, Scpl.9. Beef calMe 400 at market : sales without 

 iiiuctrvarialion from former prices. First quality $« 25 to 

 SI 50. Seconds, S7. 50 loss. Thirds, S6 50 lo $7. ."Stores, 

 b.50at market— yearlings $12loStfi ; two year olds, SIS lo 

 S28. Cows and calves— sales at $30, $38, SI2, S«, SjSand 

 t;d. 4000 slieep at market : sales al SI 25 lo S3 25. Swine, 

 120 at market : Lots to peddle sol'd al S.J to 5J for sows, and 

 G\ to i;j for barrows. 



From tlie London Spedator, August 20, 1831. 

 GREAT BRITAIN. 

 State of the Country. — Every Newspaper one 

 opens is full of the syrnptoms of a feverish slate 

 of the country. If a civil war ragpd in the land, 

 we could hardly expect to receive from the seat ot 

 hostilities more alarming accounts than such as the 

 newspapers daily supply from disturbed districts in 

 the North of England. TumultUi.ry risings— not 

 mobs of an hour or two, easily put down by a mag- 

 istrate and half a dozen constables, but riots of two 

 or three days' continuance — take place, in defiance 

 of strong bodies of armed police and dragoons. 

 Mobs have been charged by infantry with fixed bay- 

 onets ; yet have returned to the attack reckless and 

 infuriated, .\ttempts have been made to rescue the 

 prisoners, to set fire to public buildings, and to stone 

 magistrates and police to death. Gangs of men, 

 women, and children, have forced their way into 

 the factories, stopped the works, and compelled 

 peaceably disposed persons to "turn out" with them. 

 Policemen with their truncheons are mere sport 

 for a populace becoliiing familiar with bayonets and 

 daggers. And these scenes have occurred in ma- 

 ny large and populous places and districts, — Man- 

 chester, Rochdale, Bolton, Stockport, Bury, Hoy- 

 wood, Middleton, Macclesfield, Nottingham, and 

 Sheffield. The Judges on the Circuit are guarded, 

 not as formerly by worthy farmers, following their 

 landlord,the High Sheriff, in peaceable procession, 

 but by regular troops. Special constables arc. ap- 

 pointed by thousands, and tlie yeomanry are called 

 out ; but the main reliance is on hussars and drag- 

 oons. In fact, a large portion of the country is at 

 this moment virtually under martial law. Where 

 is this to end .^ 



TIIE FARMliR'S MONTliTTv vTslTOK, 



A IMONTl-lLV NKWSP.\Pt:R, IS prBLlSIIEIJ BV 



WILLIAM p. FOSTER, IlilVs Brkk Bloeli, 



Concord, jV. //. 



JAMES BURNS, 104, Ifashington St., Boston, Ms 



J. N. BOLLES, A'o. 1, Market Square, Prori- 

 denre, li. I. 

 The Visitor is issued from the tifteentli to tlic twen- 

 tieth day of each month. 



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 a deduction of 84 cents each- for all over 24 subscribers on 

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OO'CommunicaliGns bv mail, will be dirciiled to A\*1L 

 LIAM F. FtJiaTBK,ConcoKi, N.U. 



