THE EDITOR OFTHE CHESHIRE FARMER 

 To the Farmers of Cheshire County. 

 Gentlkmen --Having bcon cmiiipctpd with you 

 for the four years past in efforts (o improve our 

 affriculture and to elevate the profession in soine 

 de<rree towards that heiglit of respectability to 

 which it is entitled, I cannot wididrasv from tlie po- 

 sition which 1 have occupied williout an expres- 

 sion of mv obligation to very many of you, and o 

 my views'in relation to the course winch the best 

 interests of agriculture and the good of the com- 

 munity and your own individual Interests retpiire 



mir>JllP 



, and 



THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VmTOR^ 



derful principle in our nature is designed to afford, 1 into England by a ship, wreeked on Hif co^J^t of 

 must, as the apostle observes, sleep in the night. Lancashire. During the many severe famines to 



you to pursue. 



Of tlie iiuportance of Agricultural readin_ 

 of practical experiments judiciously made, and of 

 a free communication ol the knowledge acciuired 

 by individual experiments— in a word, of the utili- 

 ty of agricultural papers, our conviction has been 

 strencrthened from the connection had with them. 

 We are confident tliat the agricultural improve- 

 ment of any country will be in the ratio of its ag- 

 ricultural reading, thinking, experimenting, com- 

 municating. To read, think, communicate, forget 

 not. The medium of our agricultural communi- 

 cation is not to be withdrawn or iliscontinucd, but 

 merely transferred, and we hope and trust it will 

 be more fully improved. The "Cheshire Fanner" 

 retires only by introducing another friend, the 

 "Farmer's Monthly Visitor," with the assurance 

 that it will be a more valuable acquaintance. 



Witli respect to our " Agricultural Association," 

 we see no reason why it shall not be continued 

 and perfected. Our hand is ready to co-operate 

 with others to carry forward the design of its or- 

 o-anization. Sustained single handed it cannot be, 

 but by united exertion it will prosper. 



Citizen Farmers, reflect that your occupation is 

 first in utility, and equal in respectability to any 

 other, and in its rewards more sure than others. 

 Remember too, that you occupy an unexplored, 

 fathomless field for discovery and improvement, 

 upon which the light of science has, as yet, shone 

 but faintly, and in which its more full ray will show 

 treasures to bless and gladden the world and soft- 

 en that irrevocable sentence to man, " in the sweat 

 of thy face shalt thou eat bread." 



In conclusion, farmers, shall we introduce to 

 you, individually, the " Farmer's Monthly Visit- 

 or." 



We hope and are confident that the friends of 

 agriculture will take an active interest in the "Vis- 

 itor, and secure for it a general circulation in the 

 vicinity. Subscriptions should be forwarded as 

 early in July as possible, to the address of B. 

 COOKE, Keene, N. U. and particular directions 

 given whether to have them sent by stage or by 

 mail, and if by s^ag-f, where to have them left. 



If Jehovah, in" accordance to our necessities, docs 

 stay the evils whicli an occasional rleparture from 

 this order would naturally pnuUice, we have no 

 encouraging grounds to expect he will do it wlien 

 these departures are habitual or consulted. There- 

 fore it must be an act of ignorant or foolish pre- 

 sumption for any to expect the best success in any 

 business, while the laws by which God directs the 

 universe are disregarded. Apparent exceptions 

 there may be to this observation ; these, however, 

 could the real cause of the exception be fully sear- 

 ched out, would be found to originate in other cau- 

 ses, and tlieir existence not in the least possible 

 degree to invalidate the general truth of the ob- 

 servation. 



The laws of the pliysical, mental and moral 

 world just as certainly bring poverty, in the wide 

 sense of the expression, poverty in substance, bo- 

 dily healtli, mental vigor, and moral discernment, 

 upon those who work unreasonably by niglit, as up- 

 on those who sleep unreasonably by day ; and there 

 are as many considerations why persons should be 

 regular in their hours of rest, as there are why they 

 sliould be regular and fixed in their hours of busi- 

 ness. The Maker of all has so planned his works, 

 while the reason and experience of men both bear 

 testimony to the general wisdom and goodness of 

 such arrangements. — JV. E. Farmer. 



The day for labor, the night for rest. 



This is the arrangement of Providence, and our 

 observance of it in its leading principles is essen- 

 tial to health of body, strength of mind, and the 

 most perfect exercise of the moral faculties. I do 

 not believe that an instance can be found where a 

 wilful and long continued departure from this prin- 

 ciple has been indulged, and the transgressor not 

 experienced some sensible inconvenience from it. 

 It is not less important to the laboring part of ani- 

 mal creation than to man. I have many facts 

 which I could produce as confirmation of this, but 

 one among these will amply express the conviction 

 of my own mind, as made up from personal obser- 

 vation. For a number of years I had occasion to 

 travel considerably. I used my own horses, .^t 

 lirst, if 1 had a long or hard day's ride to make, 1 

 was accustomed to rise quite early, and go on some 

 distance, feeding my horse or breakfasting myself; 

 but finding, as I suiiposed, that my horses suffered 

 inconvenience, and perfectly confident that 1 did 

 myself from this course, I changed my manner, 

 gave my horses time to eat, took my own break- 

 fast, drove probably faster, and made shorter stops, 

 the result of which was, or 1 was unaccountably 

 deceived, my horses would get through the ser- 

 vice with less exhaustion, and I am sure that I 

 experienced much less fatigue. 



There are other reasons, I know, besides the one 

 first suggested, why travel must be more exhaust- 

 ing to tlie horses and labor of all kind to cattle in 

 the night than the same would be liy day : these 

 ; come in as additional considerations, and should 

 not be overlooked in reasoning upon the subject; 

 but it must not be forgotten that the great govern- 

 incr consideration is to be found in the fact that the 

 wise and benevolent Governor of the universe has 

 so constituted the laboring portion of the creation, 

 that when the sun ariscth, they should go forth to 

 their labor until the evening ; while those who 

 sleep so as to gain the refreshment which this won- 



Every thing in its place. 



But this cannot be practised unless a place be 

 provided for every thing. When a man takes pos- 

 session of particular premises, he should inake a 

 general then a particular survey of the various im- 

 plements which are on hand, and the convenien- 

 ces afforded for the disposal of them. This done, 

 he should determine upon the place which eacli ar- 

 ticle shall occupy ; and if there are many persons 

 in the family, some designation should be made, so 

 that no mistake may be made about it. When this 

 is done, then he should himself be very particular 

 not to transgress his own arrangements, and that 

 others shall not do it. The axes, the shovels, the 

 iron bar, hoes, rakes, baskets, wheelbarrow, each, 

 every one, and all, shodld have its hook, nail, lo- 

 cation, and when not in use, kept there. It may 

 sometimes be thouglit unnecessary to be so partic- 

 ular. It may be supposed just as well to leave them 

 where you expect to use them next; but before 

 this next time comes, you may alter your plan, or 

 some other of the family may have occasion for 

 them, and you at the moment be out of the vvay ; 

 or you may have forgotten ; then comes the inqui- 

 ry, the hunt, tlie general wonder where the article 

 can be ; then follow mutual suspicions that each 

 other has been in the fault; next, recrimination ; 

 then evil surmises that some neighbor has without 

 leave borrou:cd it, and neglected or forgotten to re- 

 turn it; and in the end, besides all the excitement, 

 recrimination, and evil surmising, twice the time 

 and labor is lost in searching that would have been 

 required to put the article in its place at first. I 

 have presented no overdrawn lepresentation here: 

 all and more than all of the evils above niiiubered, 

 I have known many times to have grown substan- 

 tially out of wliat niany would think hardly worth 

 a notice. A hoe or some other utensil had been 

 left where it was last used, instead of being put in 

 its proper place, and a wliole family set in confu- 

 sion thereby. How serious then must be the in- 

 conveniences, how many the excitements \n those 

 fiiniilies where notliing has a place, or where if 

 thincs liave their places, the members are negli- 

 gent" about putting them there. — .Viic Enrrland 

 Farnif r . 



which Great Britain has been subject, there is no 

 exatrgeration in asserting that the lives cf millions 

 of human beings have been preserved by this veg- 

 etable alone. It is but a little more than a century 

 since the first coffee tree was^brought to France, 

 from which all tlie trees in the*West India islands 

 have originated. The original sweet orange tree, 

 from which all the varieties of that fine fruit in 

 Europe and America have been derived, although 

 a native of China, was shown but a few years ago 

 at Lisbon. The writer of tlii.i article, has plucked 

 fruit from the original tree, which produces the 

 Sickle pear now cultivated both in Europe and A- 

 merica, as the finest variety of this fruit in the 

 world. Tlie tree, he believes, is still growing in 

 one of the meadows in the vicinity of Philadel- 

 phia. Nor is it in the power of any government, 

 by its strictest enactments, to prevent the dissemi- 

 nation of fruits, plants, and seeds. If the ingenu- 

 ity of man cannot accomplish it — the birds, the 

 winds and the waves, will effect it. The cocoa- 

 palm is now growing on the sands of Florida, the 

 nut having been floated from Cuba by the waves 

 of the sea. The sea grape, the shore plum, and 

 more than a hundred other species of West India 

 plants, not omitlng the mahogony, have been car- 

 ried thither either by the winds or the birds. The 

 white headed pigeon is known to visit Cuba every 

 day, whilst it is breeding along the Florida coast, 

 and thus becomes a courier and a planter between 

 the island and main. The severity of the laws of 

 that exclusive and extraordinary people the Chi- 

 nese, could not prevent the productions of their 

 soil from finding their way to other lands— nor 

 could the rigor of the Dutch and the burning of 

 their superfluous spice trees prevent, the dispersion 

 of their cherished aromatic plants. The tea shrub 

 of China is now cultivated in Java by men smug- 

 gled from Japan, and also flourishes in the vicinity 

 of Charleston— and the spice trees have found their 

 wav to the islands of the West Indies and of the 

 Pacific ocean. 



rr.iin the r^oiitliern Cabinet. 



Itecent introduction of valuable Plants 



and Grains. 



The most valuable plants and grains which now 

 engage tlie industry and minister to the support of 

 three°fourths of the world, are of comparatively 

 recent introduction. Whilst tlie olive, the millet, 

 and the silk, may be traced back to the ages of an- 

 tiquity, the articles which now feed and clothe the 

 inhabitants of the civilized world, have been more 

 recently discovered by men of science, and brought 

 into cultivation by the skilful agriculturist. A 

 single generation has only passed away since a 

 hairdi'ut of rice, and a few seeds of cotton, were 

 sown in a o-arden in Charleston, as a curious, and 

 no doubt, reg.arded by many as an idle experiment. 

 Th*y are now such important staples, that they en- 

 gage the commerce, and regulate, in a considera- 

 ble' degree, the monetary system of the world. 

 The Irish potatoe, which has been of the greatest 

 consequence to mankind, was not known in Eu- 

 rope till tl>e days of Raleigh, and found its way 



From tlie Pliilad. Farmer's Cabinet. 



Remarks on the General Principles of Hns. 

 bandry. 



1. Whatever may be the nature of your soil, and 

 situation of your farm, remember, that there is no 

 soil so good, but it may be exhausted and ruined 

 by bad tillage, and that there is none so bad, that 

 cannot be rendered fertile by good tillage, even 

 barren heath, if it can be plouglied and swarded. 



2. The true art of husbandry consists in suffer- 

 ing no crop to grow upon your land, that will so 

 fa? exhaust your soil, as to lessen the value of your 

 succeeding crop, whatever profit such a crop may 

 afford you. 



3. To avoid this, suffer no one crop to grow two 

 years successively, upon the same piece of ground, 

 excepting grass, and buckvi'heat, without the ferti- 

 lizing aid of rich manures to support the strength 

 of the soil ; and even then, a change of crops will 

 generally do best, excepting onions, carrots, and 

 hemp. 



4. Every plant derives from the earth for its 

 o-rowth, such properties as are peculiar to itself; 

 Uiis plant, when followed successively for two or 

 more years upon the same ground, will exhaust the 

 soil of those properties peculiar to itself, without 

 lessening its powers to produce some other plants. 

 The facTis most striking ,in the article of flax, 

 which will not bear -to be repeated oftener than 

 once in seven years, and is common to all crops, 

 with tfle exception of those noticed above. 



5. To avoid this evil, arrange your farm into 

 such divisions as will enable you to Improve all the 

 variety of crops your lands may require, in such 

 regular succession, as to form a routine of five, six 

 or°seven years, according to the nature, quality, 

 and situation of your farm. 



G. This method will make poor land good, and 

 good better. Try and see. 



For the F;iiiner's Monthly Vi.^itor. 



Farm House Architecture. No. 1. 



Mr. Editor:— It is with great pleasure I have 

 noticed the promptitude with which you convey to 

 the public, through the medium of your excellent 

 periodical, every suggestion which may have a ten- 

 dency to promote the advancement of science, the 

 interests of agriculture and the improvement of 

 the condition of the laboring population ; and with 

 the hope that you will consider the proposal to for- 

 ward you a series of articles upon the subject of 

 Farm House Architectiire as of this descrip- 

 tion, I will devote a little leisure time that is at my 

 disposal, to the arrangement ofj suchj a series, 

 provided the plan meets your approbation, and the 



