172 



THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR. 



Sandwicli, Sti-artbrtl, Tuftonborongh, Wakefiel<l, 

 Andovcr, Boscuwen, Bow, Dunbarton, Epsom, 

 Salisbury, Sutton, Warner, Amherst, Antrim, 

 Deering, Fraucestomi, Greenfield, Holliti, Hud- 

 son, Lyiideborougli, Mason, Merrimack, New 

 Boston, Pplhaui, Temple, Windsor, Alstead, 

 Chesterfield, Dublin, Richmond, Rindge, Roxbu- 

 ry, Stoddard, Sullivan, Siiri-y, Swanzey, West- 

 moreland, Cliarlestown, Croydon, Langdon, 

 Lempster, Hill, Lebanon, Orford : 5773 decrease 

 in these towns. 



It may be remarked that for a larger portion 

 of the increase of the manufacturing towns there 

 will be a. corresponding decrease in most of the 

 towns surrounding them— going to show that the 

 manufacturing villages engross the business and 

 population of the towns in their vicinity. 



The two towns on the navigable waters con- 

 necting with New Hampshire, Portsmouth and 

 New Castle, show a decrease of about 300. This 

 shows a different condition from that of most of 

 the corresponding seaports of Massachusetts and 

 Maine ; for in those there has been the greatei- 

 increase. The increased business of Dover, Ex- 

 eter and New Market, taking away the country 

 business of Portsmouth, has made her popula- 

 tion less. For the ainount of population 

 we believe Portsmouth was never more 

 prosperous than she now is : her wealth has un- 

 doubtedly increased if her population has not. 



It presents not the most pleasant reflection to 

 consider the fact that some of the best agricultu- 

 ral towns ofthe State have fallen off in popula- 

 tion. The passion for going West has taken 

 away much ofthe money which our industry has 

 earned, and many of our most enterprising people. 

 The success which has attended those agricultu- 

 ral towns which have increased their production 

 and population will show to the depreciating 

 towns tiiat the men and women wlio have moved 

 off West might have been as well off as they now 

 are if they had staid among their friends. Nei- 

 ther Derry, or Gihnanton, or Boscawen, or 

 Francestown, or Chesterfield, or Charlcstown, or 

 Lebanon, with their neighbors, has become poor- 

 er in consequence of its reduced numbers. On 

 the contrary, individual wealth has becu exten- 

 ded by extending the boundaries of many farms. 

 Much money has been carried away by those 

 who have emigrated : slillthe industry of the peo- 

 ])le has continued to accummulate wealth. 



Our depreciation in New Hampshire results 

 not from any fatality of nature: there are more 

 children born than there are persons who die. A 

 desire to b 'tier their condition carries the peo- 

 ple away. We do not like this state of things. 

 We believe the people generally might better 

 themselves by staying where they are. Let every 

 farmer attempt the method of' increasing his 

 crops on every acre of land cultivated — let him 

 increase the capacity of his field every time he 

 tills it. This will furnish a sure inducement fur 

 increase of population: for if the land produce 

 more, the increased production will be sure to 

 bring with it increased population. We must 

 during the next ten years — and we cannot doubt 

 of our success — do something to bring uj) the 

 liopulation and iirosperity of the Granite Stale. 

 The fanners can do the tine thing, if they will it. 

 It reflects great credit upon the enterprise of 

 our voung men that the almost uniroim incre:ise 

 in tiie norlhovn towns of Grafton and throughoiU 

 the intelligent county of Coos has made many 

 beautifid ttirms within the last ten years, some of 

 tliem reachinri almost to the tops of our highest 

 mountains. 



Manv nF.'.nr.D Wheat.— The many headi 

 wheat is an iiidigcnous plant of California ; six 

 heads of which were jirocured by Major Spering, 

 from a man in the Osage nation of Indians, who had 

 been trading in the Pacific Ocean. The six heads 

 produced six hundred grains : which were jilan- 

 ted by Mr. Alphcns liiker of Abbeville, S. C. the 

 piodnelion of which was ten thousand heads. 

 Tlie "Koiuid on wliich the wheat grew was nieas- 

 in-ed by an accurate surveyor— the heads conu- 

 tert — and one head shelled out, and the grain 

 weighed ; a calculation was made, the resiUt of 

 which was, that the wheat produced at the rale 

 of two Innidred and thirty bushels to the acre. 

 It was jilauted about the last of January, and cut 

 on the 20th of .Tune.— The land on which it grew 

 is poor and sandy, and was unasssisted by ina- 

 rm)-e. — W''iV/t.« fn. ((ku) A>l'». 



A Pattern County for the whole United States. 



The most profitable as well as the most valua- 

 ble agricultural district in the United States is the 

 County of Dutchess, in the State of New York. 

 This county lies forty-five miles along the easter- 

 ly Bank o( Hudson river, extending about thirty 

 miles eastward to the westerly line of Connecti- 

 cut and cornering on the county ot Berkshire in 

 Massachusetts. It touches the Hudson ri-.-er just 

 above the highlands, having for its southern boun- 

 dry the county of Putnam, and Cohmibia county 

 to the north. The population ot DiUchess coun- 

 ty was in 18:38, 50,926. The number in 1840 is 

 not given in the report below. 



Passing up and down the length of Dutchess 

 county a few weeks ago the pleasing fact struck 

 us of seeing large piles of Nova Scotia plaister 

 lying on the whai-ves of every landing. This led 

 to an inquii-y as to its use of an intelligent gen- 

 tleman of Poughkeepsie, who assured us, from 

 the best opinion he was able to forin, Ihat the an- 

 nual agricultural produce of Dutchess county had 

 been doubled during the tost ten years soteli/ from the 

 %ise of plaister. There are large quantities of the 

 mineral called ])laister of Paris along the line of 

 the canal and rail roads to the westerly part of 

 New York, and we had supposed as a matter of 

 course that this woidd be taken and used up and 

 down the Hudson. The rail road between Syra- 

 cuse and Auburn runs directly through ledges 

 of this plaister ; and it is carried w ith little difli- 

 culty all along the line from Albany to Buffalo, 

 where it is distributed either north or south trom 

 the banks ofthe canals and the depots ofthe rail 

 roads. But the New York plaister is of a different 

 color and quality from the Nova Scotia plaister : 

 the former is of a dark clay color : the latter is 

 much lighter, and is probably much purer. Gain- 

 ing in the use as plaster must every year, as it is 

 discovered to be adapted to some kinds of soil 

 even where no other stimulant is brought in aid 

 of it, the trade ofthe United States with the ports 

 of Nova Scotia and New Brimswick for this arti- 

 cle will beconie greater and greater. 



A company in the State of Maine has made a 

 purchase of an extensive plaistev quarry in New 

 Brunswick directly on the shore of the Bay of 

 Fuudy, where there have been erected extensive 

 mills for grinding the article. The Nova Scotia 

 plaister, when ground, appears much of the con- 

 sistence of flour. 



When the kinds of land on which plaister shall 

 have the greatest eftcct can he ascertained, its 

 use will muUi|ily in a rapid ratio through the 

 country. We tVequently see the Vermont teams 

 carting and sledding it from the seaboard to the 

 distance of two hundred miles in the interior: it 

 is believed the Connecticut river valley is es])ecial- 

 ly well adajited to the use of this article. There 

 are soils on which it may not be much felt the 

 first year, where it very likely will have a good ef- 

 fect the second and subsequent seasons ; and there 

 are some seasons when it will have a nnirh bet- 

 ter effect than others. In dry seasons its imme- 

 diate action is probably the greatest. We believe 

 it will well ])ay wheu applied to ])ine plain r.nd 

 other light grounds in almost every case. 



Some have supposed that after a rertai'.i quan- 

 tity of ]ilaister is upon the ground it will no long- 

 er operate. Our information from Dutchess comi- 

 ty is, that the keeping up of a continued applica- 

 tion was found to kee]) up the increase of the 

 crop. 



Dutchess county is the greatest wool producing 

 region in this country. The whole value of its 

 agiiordtiiiTd jnoducts may be estimated tiom the 

 quantity given in the table. The produce of its 

 miiung operations is a highly important item. — 

 Its whale fisheries are also nearly an entire addi- 

 tion within the last ten years, and amount to more 

 than a hundred thousand dollars. It is favorably 

 situated tor coasting commerce, although not ac- 

 cessible to large ships for foreign trade. Its man- 

 ufactures are greatly swelled by the material 

 found in the bosom of the groimd as well as in 

 the extent of its agricultural productions. 



This beautifid Comity, as a whole, is a niinia- 

 ture represeiitfitlon ofwhat the \yhole of New 

 ihigland may be. Improved cultivation of the 

 ground raises the value of all the gi'aund adjacent to 

 it. The common jirice of farming land in the 

 comity of Dutchess is one hundred dollars the 

 acre, raised .at least one third within the last ten 

 years. When it is found that by some extraordi- 

 nary investment land that now givee no profit inay 



be ma<le to pay the profit of two hundred dollars 

 the acre, and the example is before our eyes, the 

 raising the price of lands cannot well be avoided 

 where the knowledge of the true profit of im- 

 provement shall be known. 



In the table given below from Bennett's New 

 York Herald, we present important facts over 

 which the political economist may ponder to great 

 profit : 



DUTCHESS COUNT y. 



We have with great care and considerable labor compil- 

 ed the following valuable tables of statistics from the vol- 

 uminous and accurate returns of the deputy United States 

 Marshal of Dutchess County. Therefore, whoever cop- 

 ies them will please to credit us for these 

 Statistics orDutehess County, by the V. S. Cen- 

 sus for 1840. 



MININO. 



Blast Value Tons Persona Capital 

 Jurnaces. produced, fuel, employed, invested. 



Iron 4 



Granite , marble, &c. 



186,880 

 17,600 



5,931 



71 

 30 



66,000 

 9.500 



4,^224,300 .5,931 74 :?73,500 



AGRICULTURE. 



Horses and Neat Value of 



mules. cattle. Sheep. Sunjie. poultry. 



Live stock, 10,120 44,247 215,950 6,57,777 Jj;42,678 



Wheat. Barley. Oats. Rye. B'kwheat Corn. 



Bush.grain, 171,619 2,540 1,368,628 173,.351 86,983 710,473 



Wool. Hops. Was. Riee Tobacco 



Various crops in lbs. 413,638.128 594,136 43,204 49,046 



Tons of hay. Bush, potatoes. Tons of Hemp. 



Various crops, 15,527 05,770 643,834. 



FISHERIES. 



Gallons of sperm oil. 



Gallons of whale and other oil. 



Total gallons, 

 Value of whalebone and other productions of 

 the fisheries. 



16,.'J37 

 IS ,134 



102,885 

 g 1,065 



In addition to the above there are the following particu- 

 lars connected with the statistics of Dutchess County. 

 l.*i F"IIinpMiU«, 



