178 



FARMERS' REGISTER. 



[No. 3 



Striped loam, and plastic clay, with thin 



seams of coaly matter 10 



Yellow sand 3 



Ijead-colored clay, with casts of leaves 2 



Brownish clay with cytherea 6 

 Three thin beds of clay, the upper and 

 lower with cytherea, and ihe middle 

 with oysters ' " 3 



Loam and sand 4 



Iron shot sand, with flint pebbles 12 



Coarse green sand 5 



Clean ash-colored sand 35 



Green sand 1 



Chalk with nodules of flint, unknown. 

 Redrrff drift shaft. 



81 



63 1 



A pipe sunk by Mr. Turner 95 feel deep, near 

 Bermondsey new church; — when they reached 80 

 feet, the rod sunk down 15 feet at once; after 

 pumping out several tons of green mud, the water 

 rose to v'ithin 25 leet of the top; it rises and falls 

 about three feet with the tide; the water is quite 

 clear and tasteless. At a place not 500 yards 

 from this, they sunk a pipe 190 leet with very lit- 

 tle success, the water being out of reach of a 

 pump, and appearing bad. 



Fiom the same. 



SOME ACCOUNT OF BORIIVG FOR WATER IN 

 LONDON AND ITS VICINITY. 

 By Mr. John Donkin, M. Inst. C. E. 



Particulars of a well sunk at the Excise Office, in 

 Broad-street, London. 



In the first place, after excavating the upper 

 stratum of gravel and loose soil, four cast-iron 

 curbs were sunk, each six feet long; tlie lowest of 

 these entered the clay about three feet ; the dig- 

 ging was then continued throuiih the clay to the 

 depth of 140 feet, and a curb oi" brickwork within 

 the iron curb was sunk the whole depth in the or- 

 dinary way, the iron curb serving merely to sup- 

 port the upper stratum, and to prevent the land 

 water getting into the well. Boring was then 

 resorted to, to the depth of about twenty feet, 

 when the water appeared, and rose to within sixty 

 feet of the top of the well; a copper pipe was then 

 driven the last-mentioned twenty feet, to keep the 

 passage open for the supply. 



Wells sunk at Messrs. Brandrani's vitriol and 

 ■white had works, Lower Road Dcplford. 



The wood and brick curbing was sunk barely 

 thirty feet; the bricks were laid in Roman cement 



to keep out the water from the land springs; the 

 well was then bored to the depth of about 180 feet 

 into a bed or chalk, from which the soft water 

 rises and flows to within nine feet of the top of 

 the well, through wrought iron tubes riveted to- 

 gether. The strata are chiefly composed of yel- 

 low and green sand and gravel, like those found at 

 the tunnel under the Thames, 



Account of boring made near London, where the 

 waters rises above the surface of the land. 



In Mr. Wilmot's garden at Isleworth, a boring 

 was executed to the depth of 327 feet. The blue 

 clay was found to exist from about twenty-four 

 feet below the ground level, with little variation of 

 color, to the depth of 240 feet: it is then of a 

 lightish red, and alterwards of a darker color very 

 much variegated. At the depth of 308 feet it is 

 blackish, and at 110 feet very black; at 311 fi^et 

 it becomes yellow for some depth; then light green 

 followed by dark green, out of which the water 

 rises, being a stratum of about ten feet thick. 



All the specimens, with the exception of the 

 yellow, appeared to be clay; the yellow had a 

 sandy appearance. The cast-iron pipe is sunk 

 327 feet, and is2i- inches in diameter. The water 

 rises about ten feet above the ground, and the well 

 supplies eight gallons per minute. The land 

 water here stands about sixteen feet below the 

 ground. 



Lord Cassilis has also had a boring executed 

 in his grounds at Isleworth, to the depth of 290 

 feet; the quantity it supplies is about thirty gal- 

 lons per minute, and its water rises about thirty 

 feet above the level of the surface. 



ON THE USE OF HAND RAKES IN CULTIVA- 

 TING CORN — LISTING CORN LAND, &C. 



To the Editor of the Farmers' Register. 



Goochland, May 24, 1837. 



Over the initials N. L. [page 33 vol. V.] there 

 are a number of remarks on the subject of weed- 

 ing corn with the rake; inlbrmation requested as 

 to the manner of preparing the land; the quantity 

 of corn produced per acre under such cultivation; 

 and various other questions. His remarks appear 

 to be made tnore in the spirit of ridicule, than 

 from a -desire to acquire inforination. But, as I 

 may be mistaken with regard to his motive, I will 

 give him all the inlbrmation I can on the subject. 

 I suppose, (i-om his wishing to know the nature of 

 the land I have been cultivating, he is a stranger 

 to me. I will, therefore, inform him that I have 

 been employed for twenty years of my life as 

 manager on some of the estates on James river, 

 where I cultivated all kinds of land, light and stiff, 

 rich and poor, high land and low grounds. And 

 nine years of the time of my using the rakes 

 were spent on some of those plantations ; and, I 

 believe, I hazard little when I say, that my em- 

 ployers will admit that I made as good, if not 

 better crops of corn than any other manager they 

 ever had. N. L. seems to think it impossible to 

 have the land about the corn loosened and the 

 grass and weeds taken from it, without the use of 

 the hoe, I will admit, if I were to delay working 

 my corn until the grass and weeds got the advan- 

 tage, that the rakes would not answer so well. 



