1S37] 



FARMERS' REGISTER, 



330 



Interest, of 751. annually - - 3 15 



One tliirteentli iuinualiv of the principal 2 10 

 Subsisience, clothes, &c. annually - 6 00 



£. 12 



I Par. 13. iMr Youn^ calculates the eniploy- 

 inent of .5010/. worth of land, ami 1200/. liirnu-rs 

 I capital, making an aggrogaic capital of 152 10/. in 

 I England, which he makes yield five per cent, ex- 

 tra, or 10 percent, upon the whole. I will calculate, 

 in the Viririnia way, the employnienl of the same 

 capital, on a supposition of good management in 

 the manner ol" the country. 



Hi 



There must be some addition to this, to make 

 the labor ecjual to that of a white man, as I be- 

 lieve the negro does not perl()rm quite so much 

 work, nor with as much intelligence. But Mr. 

 Young reckons a laborin<r man in England 8/. 

 and his hoard 16/. making 24/. 



Par. 5. "In the instances of mountain land, 

 the expressions seem to indicate waste land, un- 

 built -and uuinclosed." If Mr. Young has reier- 

 ence here to the notes which Th. J. gave to the 

 President, on the subject of mountain lands, the 

 ti)!lowing explanation is necessary. The lands 

 therein contemplated, are generally about one | 

 half cleared of the timber which grew on them — | Taxes, 

 say all the land ol' the first quality, and half that j 

 of the middling quality: this half is, tor the most 

 part, inclosed with rail fences, which do not last 

 long (except where they are of chestnut), bur are 

 easily repaired or renewed. The houses on them 

 tor the use of the farm, are so slight, and of so 



little worth, that they are thrown info the bargain, I Wheat, 6600 bushels, 

 without a separate estimate. The same may be j at 3.3. 

 said of the dinner's house, unless it be better than i Meat, and other arti- 

 common. When it is of considerable value, it | cles, at 51. lor each 

 adds to the price of the land, but by no means its i laborer 

 whole value. With respect to the soil, I saw no Net profit over and a 

 upland in England, comparable to it. My trav- 

 els there, were Irom Dover to London, and on to 

 Birminijham, making excursions of twenty or 

 thirty miles each way. At Edgehill, in War- 

 wickshire, my road led me over a red soil, some- 

 thing like this, as well as I recollect; but it is too 

 lonix ago tu speak with certainty. | 



Par. 7. "That, in America, farmers look to i 

 labor much more than to land, is new to me." — | 

 But it ie a most important circumstance. Where i vvhole capital, 

 land is cheap and rich, and labor dear, the same j 2. Suppose laborers to be bought, one half men, 

 labor spread in a slighter culture over 100 acres, i and one halt women, at 60/. sterling on an av- 

 will produce more profit than if concentrated by ! erage, 

 the highest degree of cultivation on a small por- ' 



1. Si'pposing negro laborers to be hired. 



2. Supposing them to be bought. 



1. Suppose laborers to be hired; one half men 

 at 18/.; the other half women, at 14/. tor labor, 

 subsistence, clothing (I always mean sterling mo- 

 ney.) 



Interest of 4160/ tor 3310 acres of 

 land, 25s. per acre, 



of |4|^ lor larmer's capital 



of stock, tools, &c. 

 at 7d. the acre, (I do not 

 know what they are), - 

 thirty-three laborers, at 16/. 



£.936 10 



Produce to be sold annually. 



£.990 



165— £.1155 



Real profit, over and 

 above the five |)er ct. 

 above charged, - 



£.385 



/hich is 6^ per cent, extra, or 11^ per cent, on the 



tion ot the lands. When the virgin li^irtility of the 

 soil becomes exhausted, it l)ecomes better to culti- 

 vate less, and well; the only difficulty is to know 

 at what point of deterioration in the land, the cul- 

 ture should be increased, and in what dey-ree. 



Par. 10. "Can you sell your beef and mutton 

 readily?" The market for them, iresh and in 

 quantity, is not certain in Virginia. Beef, well 

 salted, will generally find a market; but salted 

 mutton is, perhaps unknown. 



Par. 11. "Mutton dearer than beef" Sheep 

 are subject to many diseases, which carry them 

 oti'in great numbers. In the middle and upper 

 parts of Virginia, they are subject to the wolfj and 

 in all parts of it to dogs: these are great obstacles 

 to their multiplication. In the middle and upper 

 parts of the country, the carcass of the beef is 

 raised on the spontaneous food of forests, and is 



Interest of 3125/. for 2500 acres of 



land at 25s. 

 of 1562/. 10s. farmer's cap- 

 ital of stock, utensils, &c. 



of -^-fglj yy,- (or purchase of 



twenty-five laborers. £ . 75 

 Subsistence, clothes, &c. 150- 

 [I allow nothing for losses by death, 

 but, on the contrary, shall pres- 

 ently take credit tour per cent, per 

 annum, for their increase over 

 and above keeping up their own 

 numbers.] 

 Taxes at 7d. the acre, 



-225 



72 18 4 



£.532 



Produce to be sold annually, 

 delivered to the fariTier in good plight in the tinll, ] Wheat, 5000 bushels, 



5 10 



often tat enough lor slaughter; hence its cheap- 

 ness. Probably, however, sheep properly attend- 

 ed to, would be more profitable than cattle, as Mr. 

 Y'oung says — they have not been attended to as 

 \ thev luerilcd. 



at 3&. 

 IMeal and other articles, 



at 51. for each laborer. 

 Net profit, over and 



above the five per ct. 



750 



125— £.875 







