4()4 



f'^ A R M E R S ' R E G I S T fC R . 



[No. 7 



thai this riinj' be done eH'ef.lively, it is obvious 

 thnt the juice Hhoiikl not be very thick, lor it is in- 

 di^;pell^•able thiit tlie operation sliould i>;o on as 

 briskly as possible. 



Filters are of various descriptions and sizes, ac- 

 conlinir to the maLmilude of the woik lo be done 

 bvfhem. For the most part they arc composed 

 offlannel. 



In adoptinir the halterie evnporainlre^ already 

 described, and vviiich yields 18.^ irallons of evapo- 

 rated syrup, the fillers should be equal in capacity 

 to one hectolitre, (3.\ Eriijlish cubic feet,) or even 

 two, without inconvenience : and, indeed, this last 

 size is to be preferred, as it admits of a double 

 charjje, and consequently, a greater facility of 

 filtration. 



We shall then suppose a deal vessel, of a cubic 

 form, firudv pot lotrether, to which we shall give 

 for the inner side, six decimetres, nearly two feet. 

 This cube will be open on the u()per side, except 

 when covereci by a lid. The inside of the vessel 

 shoidd be lined with thin copper. At the bottom 

 is fixed a cock to collect the liquor furnished by 

 the filter. In this cube is placed a wicker trellis, 

 exactly fitted to it ; and haviutr, like it, five sur- 

 faces only. In this wicker frame is placed a flannel, 

 the upper edire of wliich should be secured by a 

 border of strong canvass. 



Under the cock of this filter is placed a bascule, 

 intenfled lo separate the thick from the -clear 

 liquor, which should be carried to a common re- 

 ceiver. 



A filter of this kind will be able to carry two, or 

 e\'en three successive charges of 18;^ ijallons, but 

 not beyond this, without impeding the operation 

 of filterina'. Two charges will pass in about three 

 hours, if the clarification has been gooil. At this 

 rate, about eight fillers will lie found amply suffi- 

 cient lor the scale above mentioned. These eight 

 fillers should be arranged in one line, or at most in 

 two. Their cocks should be placed over a copper 

 pipe or trouoh destined lo convey the clear juice 

 into the reservoir. 



It will be as well to provide plenty of these 

 flannel lininixs ; say one for each charge. 



§ Appendages to the Filters. 



. These are, 1. The bascule, or moveable spout, 

 to draw the liquor clear, with llie cock on a larcfer 

 scale. This is intended to chaii<je suddenly the 

 direction of the syrup, which ap|)cais black when 

 the cock is first opened. The liquor can be con- 

 veyed into the moveable boiler, (of whi(di more 

 will be said hcreafier,) or into the clear syrup 

 pipe. Each filter cock ought to be provided with 

 a suitable bascule, which is easily moveable. 



2. The clear syrup drain should be of semi-cir- 

 cular form, and of copper, or wood lined with 

 copper. It serves to receive the clear syrup, by 

 means of the bascule, and to convey it into the 

 reservoir. It is coraiected with all the filters, and 

 of course should have a slight fall lowards the 

 reservriir. 



3. The black syrup cistern ouirht to lie of cop- 

 per. It receives the syrup which flows from the 

 filters when the cock is opened. This is always 

 more or less discolored when first set running; 

 and ouiiht to be collected by itself till if runs clear. 



4. The reservoir intended to receive the clear 

 syrnp should be of copper, and of a circular form 

 like a boiler. It should have a small well-hole at 



bottom, that all the liquor may be drawn ofl' by a 

 punq) if necessary. It ought lo have a cover. As 

 to its size, it should be large enough to contain all 

 the syrup clarified in a day. Thus, with the 

 evaporating battery, 12 hours work will yield 450 

 gallons of clarified .syrup. The reservoir, then, 

 ouiiht to conlain this quantit)'. IfJ on ihe contrary, 

 with this same battery, the work is continued day 

 and nii>ht, one-lfiiid of the above size will be 

 sufficient. 



§ 3. Operation of Filtenng. 



The charge being put into the filter, the hascule 

 should be turned. The cistern of black syrup is 

 then placed over the spout, and the cock is opened 

 full. The syrup at first runs thick ; after tlie first 

 flow, Ihe cock is half shut, and it is left to run till 

 the fiqiior is quile clear. When at this point, the 

 bascule is loweied, without touching the cock, and 

 the syrup is conveyed by means of the channel 

 into the reservoirs. 



A second charce is then laid to ihe filler, and, 

 in some cases^ even a third, in succession ; but 

 this is not advisable, on account of the time the 

 last charge requires to drain through, owing to Ihe 

 previous depositions. When no more liquid can 

 be obtained from the rough juice, (if one may so 

 call it,) the strauier and its conienis are removed, 

 and the latter is thrown into the defecation boiler. 

 A liille water is passed through the filter, d" neces- 

 sary, and a new strainer applied. 



CHAP. IX. 



Boiling the Syrup. 



The syrup, in the state in which it is fiirnished 

 by the filler, at 30° cold, is not sufllciently concen- 

 trated to crystallize; and the object of boiling is, to 

 carry off the superabundant water which it may 

 yet contain, and thus prepare the syrup for crys- 

 tallizing as it cools. 



This boiling is but the end and object of the 

 concentration process; and the most convenient 

 utensil lor this latter ofieration is also the best 

 adapted lijr that of boiling. 



The fire must not be forced loo briskly, or the 

 syrup will be liable to burn ; consequently tlie 

 evaporation will be slow, compared with that ob- 

 tained during concentraiion. 



§ 1. Boilers. 



Two pans or boilers are necessary, each con- 

 taining 66 square decimetres (1023 square inches) 

 of surlace at bottom, about 3 feet in diameter, and 

 10 inches in height. They will be thus capable 

 of receiving tooether, every half hour, 82 litres 

 (18| gallons) of syrup. 



These boiling [lans should be of solid copper, 

 and the bottom, which is constantly exposed to the 

 fire, thicker than Ihe sides. 



§ 2. /Jppcndages to the Boiling Pan. 



These are, 1. A ves.^el for the skimmings. 2. 

 A skimmer. 3. A thermometer. 



§ 3. Of the different methods of taking Proof. 



These are, technically, first, by the thread; se- 

 cond, by the breath ; and third, by the thermometer. 

 The fiist is managed by taking a small portion of 



