1838] 



FARMERS' REGISTER. 



591 



would have been occupied by the woody matter 

 supplied by buds belon>ririg to the stock itself. 



342. Once united, the scion covers the wood of 

 the stock with new wood, and ciuises the produc- 

 tion ol' new roots, 



343. But the character of the woody matter 

 sent down by the scion over the. wood of the stock 

 being determined by the cellular substance, which 

 has exclusively a horizontal developement (73.), 

 it Ibllows that the wood of the stock will always 

 remain apparently the same, although it is furnish- 

 ed by the scion. 



344. Some scions will grow upon a stock with- 

 out being able to transmit any woody matter into 

 it; as some Cacti. 



345. When this happens, the adhesion of the 

 two takes place by the cellular substance only, and 

 the union is so imperfect that a slight degree of vi- 

 olence suffices to dissever them. 



346. And in such cases the buds are fed by their 

 woody matter, which absorbs the ascendinj? sap 

 from the stock at the point where the adhesion 

 has occurred; and the lat er, never augmenting in 

 diameter, is finally overgrown by the scion. 



347. When, in such instances, the communica- 

 tion between the stock and the scion is so much 

 interrupted that the sap can no longer ascend with 

 sufficient rapidity into the branches, the latter die; 

 as in many Peaches. 



348. This incomplete union between the scion 

 and its stock is owing to some constitutional or or- 

 ganic difference in the two. 



349. Therefore care should be taken that when 

 plants are grafted on one another,their constitution 

 should be as nearly as possible identical. 



350. As adhesion of only an imperfect nature 

 takes place when the scion and stock are, to a cer- 

 tain degree, dissimilar in constitution, so will no 

 adhesion whatever occur when their constitution- 

 al ditierences are very decided. 



351. Hence it is only species very nearly allied 

 in nature that can be grafted on each other. 



352. As only similar tissues will unite (19.), it 

 is necessary, in applying a scion to the stock, that 

 similar parts should be carefully adapted to each 

 other; as bark to bark, cambium to cambium, and 

 alburnum to alburnum. 



353. The second is more especially requisite, 

 because it is through the cambium that the woody 

 matter sent downwards by the buds must pass; 

 and also because cambium itself, being organizing 

 matter in an incipient state, will more readily Ibrm 

 an adhesion than any other part. 



354. The same principles apply to hids, which 

 are to scions precisely what eyes ("319.) are to 

 cuttings. 



355. inarching is the same with reference to 

 grafting, that layering (324.) is with reference to 

 striking by cuttings. 



356. It serves to maintain the vitality of a scion 

 until it can form an adhesion with its stock; and 

 must be considered the most certain mode of graft- 

 ing. 



357. It is probable that every species of flower- 

 ing plant, without exception, may be multiplied by 

 grafting. 



358. Nevertheless, there are many species and 

 even tribes that never have been grafted. 



359- It has been found that in the Vine and the 

 Walnut this difficulty can be overcome by atten- 

 tion to their peculiar constitutions; and it is proba 



ble that the same attention will remove supposed 



dillicullies in the case of other species. 



XV". IVansplantaiion. 



360. Transplantation consists in removing a 

 plant from the soil in which it is <irowin<r to some 



1*1 OB 



otjier soil. 



361. If in llie operation the plant is torpid, and 

 its ppongioles uninjured, the removal will not be 

 profiuctive of any interruption to the previous rate 

 of ijrowlh. 



362. And if it is growing, or evergreen, nnd the 

 spongioles are uninjured, the removal will produce 

 no further injury than may arise from the tempo- 

 rary suspension of the action of the spongioles, 

 and tlie non-cessation of perspiration during the 

 operation. 



363. So that transplantation may take place at 

 all seasons of the year, and under all circumstan- 

 ces, provided the spongioles are uninjured. 



364. This applies to the largest trees as well as 

 to the smallest herbs. 



365. But as it is impossible to take plant? out of 

 the earth without destroying or injuring the spon- 

 gioles, the evil consequences of such accidents 

 must be remedied by the hindrance of evapo- 

 ration. 



366. Transplantation should therefore take place 

 only when plants are torpid, and when their respi- 

 ratory organs (leaves) are absent; or, if they 

 never lose those organs, as evergreens, only at 

 seasons when the atmosphere is periodically 

 charged with humidity for some considerable 

 time. 



367. Old trees in which the roots are much in- 

 jured, form new ones so slowly, that they are very 

 liable to be exhausted of sap by the absorption of 

 their very numerous young buds before new spon- 

 gioles can be formed. 



368. The amputation of all their upper extremi- 

 ties is the most probable prevention of death; but 

 in most cases injury of their roots is without a 

 remedy. 



369. Plants in pots being so circumstanced that 

 the spongioles are protected from injury, can, 

 however, be transplanted at all seasons, without 

 any dangerous consequences. 



From the Cincinnati Daily Gazette. 

 Lake County, la., August 20, 1837. 



Editor Gazette: Sir — I am a dweller upon and 

 cultivator of a part of the great western prairies. 

 As often as they have been described, there are 

 many of your readers who have a very erroneous 

 idea of a prairie country. Perhaps a plain de- 

 scription of the native appearance, and mode of 

 breaking up and cultivating, may interest them as 

 much as the history of a quarrel among a society 

 of peace-makers, or a dissertation as to whether it 

 would be better for this humbugged nation to be 

 humbugged by one great humbug, or a thousand 

 little ones. 



The most eastern prairies are found in the cen- 

 tral parts of Ohio; generally flat wet land, which 

 many suppose is the ruling feature of all prairies. 

 The great chain of prairies commences in Michi- 

 gan and extends south-westerly to Mexico, increas- 

 ing in magnitude as they extend west. There is 

 every variety of prairie land, from the "grassy 



