618 



FARMERS' REGISTER 



[No, 



The straw was bound in bundles and sold for §12 

 per acre in Wheelinjr. [ also had a large field ol" 

 second bottom this last season of which no account 

 was kept, nor any admeasurement made, and 

 which was but little inferior to the otiier. JVIy 

 oat crop yields from fifty to eighty bushels per 

 acre; the corn fi-om sixty to one hundred and thir- 

 ty-one bushels per acre, which 1 had this last sea- 

 eon; the meadows yielded from two to four ton 

 per acre, all depending on season, &c. 



I apply my manure generally in the fallimme- 

 ately after harvest and well rotted. It is hauled 

 out and thrown in piles and so remains until 

 spring, when it is spread out aad the ground bro- 

 ken up for corn. 



Any information, I can give you, will at all times 

 be cheerfully afforded. I leave the reasons to 

 others, and de'ail only tacts, of which thus far J 

 have no reasun tn complain. 



Respectfully, your 



Obedient servant. 



Daniel Steenrod. 



From the last edition of the Complete Grazier. 

 ON THE 1)ISEASP:S OF CATTTE. 



Diseases incident to cattle in general. 

 The brute creation are, in general, liable to 

 fewer maladies or complaints than mankind ; and, 

 as their diseases are less complicated, they are, of 

 course, more easily to he relieved : yet among the 

 various phenomena in the history of man, it is not 

 the least singular, that the treatment of sick cattle 

 has hitherto been confined chiefly to the most illite- 

 rate and ignorant peasants — men equally unac- 

 quainted with comparative anatomy and with the 

 relative powers ofmedicine. Hence many thousands 

 of valuable beasts have necessarily perished for 

 want of thai assistance which attentive observa- 

 tion, aided by sedulous inquiries, might have re- 

 medied, ifnot altogether prevented. 



Various, indeed, are the maladies, to which cat- 

 tle are liable ; and thouirh constant and carelijl ex- 

 amination of their health will ixreatly conlribiite to 

 the (ireventionofdiseasos.yntitwill fre(]iieii!ly hap- 

 pen that they become sickeither from the effects of 

 our variable cl mate, or ji-oin causes which all the 

 vigilance of the tarni: r cannot possibly control. Il 

 would greatly swell the limits ot the present work, 

 were we to enumerate every malady inciilent to 

 cattle; we shall, therefore, confine our attention 

 to a lew of those which are of most common oc- 

 currence, and for the rest can wilh confidence re- 

 thr the farmer to Mr. Clater's useful work on 

 the Diseases of Cattle — the result of (i)rty years' 

 jiractice and experience. Bat it cannot be sufiici- 

 ently impressed upon the owner of cattle, that in 

 all sudden cases, il will be his real interest 

 promptly to call in the aid of some expert cattle- 

 doctor. 



Colds are frequent attendants in the reariiiii 

 of numerous animals, and are too well known tore"- 

 quire any minute description. In these affections. 

 as in every oiher malady, prevention is preferable 

 to cure ; it will, theretijre, be necessary to pre- 

 serve cattle from undue exposure to sudden blasts 

 of wind, particularly from the north-east, and not to 

 eulTer ihem to lie in wet pasmres ; and particu- 

 larl\' in those seasons when fbirs are prevalent ; as, 

 by chilling the surface of the body, they cause an 

 uiidui' delonninatian of blood to some internal or- 



gan, which, not unfrequently, terminates in acute 

 inflammation. The kings and bowels are more lia- 

 ble tosufltjr from cold and wet than any olher|)art 

 of the body, and hence it is thai colds often lead to 

 diseases of these parts. When they become con- 

 firmed, or settle on some interna! part ol'lhe body, 

 the aflected cattle may be easily discovered by the 

 hollowness of their flanks, the roughness of their 

 coats, the running or weeping of their eyes, and the 

 heat of the breath. Colds |)revail chiefly in ihe 

 brute creation, as among mankind, in those springs 

 which follow mild winiers ; and as they become 

 contagious if long neglecteil, the diseased beasts 

 should be selected as early as possible, and sepa- 

 rated from the rest of the herd. Formerly it used 

 to be the practice to keep beasts affected with colds 

 as warm as possible, and no doubi many have fal- 

 len sacrifices to this very improper mode of treat- 

 ment. Unless sweating can be excited, the warm 

 atmosphere in which animals were kept, only 

 tended to increase the inflammaiion which is ever 

 an attendant on a cold ; and thus the disease, 

 which at first was confined, perhaps, to the wind- 

 pipe, has extended to thelung-s, and has either pro- 

 duced inflammation offhe membrane lining the air- 

 cells, or of the siilistance of the lungs themselves. 

 As those medicines generally termed sudorificsare 

 not alvvavs, indeed seldom, found to excite sweat- 

 ing in animals, they, of course, never can be relied 

 on for producing that efl^ect ; and, therefore, it is 

 better to keep the beast aflected with cold in such 

 a situation as that he may breathe a perfectly pure 

 and cool, air wiihout being exposed to draughts, or 

 wet ; and, in order to relieve the lungs and other 

 parts of the body finm the load of blood they are 

 forced to receive on account of the contraction 

 of the capillary vessels, from two to four or more 

 quarts of' blood may be drawn, according to the 

 uro-ency of the symptoms, and a clyster, made of 

 six ounces of Glauber's, epsom, or common salt, 

 dissolved in three or four quarts of warm water, or 

 thin irrue.l, with four ounces of oil, may be thrown 

 into the rectum ; after which the beast may be cur- 

 ried or well wisped, in order to excite the circula- 

 tion of the blood in the cutaneous vessels. This 

 mode of treatment may be repeated, if ihe breath- 

 ing become labo-nous, and the inside of the eyelid- 

 be ofa bright red. If the bowels be inflamed, the 

 beast will evince symptoms of great uneasiness, ly- 

 intr down and rising np directly, rolling on its back, 

 kicking its belly, and smelling its flanks. Tlie same 

 treatment is necessary as iiir inflammation of 

 the luiiffs, and as it is often difficult I'ot an inexpe- 

 rienced person to disiinixuish between inflamma- 

 tion of the bowels and flatulent colic, it is always 

 better to give ihe above clvster, than to administer' 

 stiniulanis, which are olten highly dangerous in the 

 hands of ihe ionorant. The symptoms of the two 

 diseases are much the same, but the pu'se is dif- 

 ferent, and in colic, the florid redness of the inside 

 of the eyelid is wanliniT. Before the clyster 

 IS uiven, it is a i^ood plan to remove, by the hand, 

 any hanlened Irpces that may be lying in the rec- 

 tum. The drink ought to consist of water, in 

 which nitre is dissolved. 



The colic, or gripes, may be ascertained by the 

 restlessness of the diseased animal, which rises up 

 and lies down almost incessantly, continually 

 striking its head and horns against any object that 

 occurs. Young cattle are chiefly affected by the 

 colic ; which is attended either with scouring or 



