706 



FARMERS- REGISTER. 



[^0. 12 



Plate XIV", — Draining of holms or haughs on the side of rivers. 



must he filled with day, well beaten down.* 

 Thip done, the drain, froni the passage under the 

 lead, is to be cirried upwards to the same depth, 

 and along the line of the springs already described; 

 and may either be open or covered, as the extent 

 oi the ground or other circumstances point out. 

 h rom the box, also, an open cut will be necessary, 

 parallel to, and along the, upper side of the lead, 

 to intercept any oozing from it, and to receive the 

 Burface water from the ground, or from any cross 

 ditches that may be made in it. The earth 

 from this cut should be laid towards the lead, to 

 strengthen and secure its bank on that side. An 

 open cut will also be useful along the under side 

 of the lead, to receive any water that may flow 

 from it, and which may injure the ground between 

 It and tjie river; and this ground may likewise be 

 divided as that above, in the manner represented 

 (by dotted lines^ in the plan. The cross or di- 

 vision ditches, in the upper part of the ground, 

 should not join the upper drain; but a° space 

 should be left, uncut, at the letters D, to prevent 

 any connection with the upper drain, and to serve 

 as a passage from one division of the field to an- 

 other. 



In the course of the author's practice, several 

 <-ases have occurred, where he had recourse to this ex- 

 j?edient, as the only practicable means of effecting such 

 drainage. 



I If the extent of ground, in the situation which 

 has been thus descriljed, makes it an object of 

 I consideration, it may be necessary to form an em- 

 bankment along the side of the river, with a 

 flood-gate at the mouth of the outlet drain, whicli 

 will efl'ectually exclude the river water when in 

 flood, and will open, by the pressure of that col- 

 lected in the drain, as soon as the flood subsides. 

 From its nature and situation, ground of this de- 

 scription is well adapted for irrigation, where the 

 stream or supply of water is sufficient. 



Such are the principal situations and soils to 

 which this particular system of draining applies, 

 in cases of wetness proceeding from springs, ac- 

 cording to their various appearances. To inferior 

 spots ol wetness, produced by the same cause, 

 which are so frequently met with, and so much 

 interrupt the regular cultivation of many fields, it 

 equally applies; but its application in these cases 

 is a matter of so little difficulty, that a particular 

 description of them is not necessary. 



SECTION IV. 



Us application to the drainage of mines and quar- 

 ries. 



The principles of this mode of draining, have 

 hitherto been applied only to the removal of wa- 

 ter that causes wetne.«s on the surface of the 



