1838] 



F A R ft! E RSr K E G ! S T E R. 



712 



tainino: hank, to draw off the water from ponds, 

 marl-piir^, &c,. 



The manner of iiFinir it is ihus : Supposp a lake 

 or pond of waier, surrounded witli hi/rh banks, is 

 to be emptied ; if ihe srround dechn' s lower on 

 the onposile side, find the level of the bottom ol' 

 the water, and trace that level to the face of the 

 bank where the perioral ion is to Ije made. Tliere, 



ssnonth the surlai'e of the ground, so as to place 

 th<' frame nearly levc-l, with the auuer pointini-- a 

 little i.pwards. It re(iuires two men to turn the 

 handles at top, in order to work it which may l)e 

 better understood by examintng' the f)lale. When 

 the iHMxor or shell is full, the ro,ls are drawn back 

 by reversing the lower handle, and other rods 

 added in succession, when the distance re- 



Pi.ATi3 XYlll.—IIurisordal auircr and trestle. 



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Explanation. 



A A, Frame g;roovpd within, 8 feet 10 inches in length. BJ3, Endsof the frame, 2 feet 10 inches, tbroush which 

 the screw and auger passes. CC Bottom of the carriage to vvliicli the uprights are fixed. DDUD Uprtght 

 standards 4 feet high. E. Spindle 2 feet 10 inches long. F. Upper cog wheel with 10 teeth. G. Lower cog 

 wheel with 24 teeth. H. Main wheel with 32 teeth. I. Screw, 6 feet, 3 inches. K. Auger, 6 feet long, and 

 8^ inches diameter. L. Winch and roller for reversing the rods. M. Two conright or side wheels with 24 

 cogs each, upon which the two handles are fixed. N. Joint for lengthening the rods. 



Two strong wooden trestles, (like the one in the cut) about 2 feet in height, are placed under the ends of the 

 frame for it to res' on, and to keep the instrument steady and at the proper level, during the operation of bor- 

 ing.— 0,0,0,0, Moveable bolts for fixing the frame to the trestles. 



quires, in the same manner as is done with the 

 perpendicular auger. In boring through a bank of 

 the hardest clay, two men will work through from 

 thirty to forty leet in a day, provided there is no 

 interruption Irotn hard stones, which will rerjuire a 

 chisel to be fi.^;eti on, in place of the shell, and 

 longer time to work through ihem. If t'he length 

 to be bored through is considerable, under a le'vel 

 eurlace, or longer than the whole length of the 

 rods can reach, a pit nmst be sunk upo^i the line, 

 do'vn to the level ofthe hole, for placing the frame 

 when removed, and the operation is then carried 

 on as before. 



It is a powerful and useful instrument, and if 

 better known, might soon come into general use. 

 The annexed plate, and description specilyino- the 

 dimensions of its various parts, may enable^any 

 ingenious tradesman to construct it accordingly. 



The other implements used in cuttino-. and in 

 ceasing out the contents of the drain, are, besides 

 the common spade and shovel^ those represented 

 in the Plate No. XIX. 



The spade made of oak, and scooped out in the 

 middle, is used in peat, and other soft soils, being 

 light and easy to work vvith, and the edges pre"^ 

 venting the stuff' from falling off, when tlirowing 

 it out ofthe trench. They'are made of iron in 

 the same shape also, for throwing out heavier 

 stuff, when the drain is deep. The crooked han- 



dled spade, or shovel, is well adapted for smooth- 

 ing the bottom, before laying the conduit, and with 

 which the workmen liave less occasion to stoop. 



As Ihe usual opening of the conduit in stone 

 drains is from six to twelve inches square, a wood- 

 en box of that size, a yard or two in length, is 

 very useful ibr laying in Ihe bottom of the drain, 

 to regulate the width and height of the building, 

 and which is shilied forward as the workmen pro- 

 ceed. It also keeps their feet dry, and prevents 

 their puddling the bottom. 



The level used in draining is the common spirit- 

 level, employed in the ordinary levelling of arround. 

 Being provided Vv'uh one that is properly adjusted, 

 and also with a staff ten feet in length, with a 

 moveable vane or sight affixed to it ; set the in- 

 strument in a situation between the point li-om 

 whence the level is to be taken, and that to which 

 it is to be directed, provided the distance from the 

 instrument to each is not too great. The situation 

 of the instrument should be no higher than the 

 lenirth or heightofthestaff will ansvver; but so, that 

 it may be seen from it both ways ; then direct the 

 man to hold the stafi' at the spring, or place from 

 which you mean to carry the drain ; and after di- 

 recting the teJesco[>e to if, and adjusting the level, 

 uiake a sign to hiiTi to mo\ e the sight up or down, 

 till it correspond exactly vvith the cross hair in the 

 telescope. This doinN without shifting the inslru- 



