HYMENOPTERA. 153 



The mouth parts of the honey-bee are fitted both for 

 sucking nectar from flower cups and for eating pollen. 

 (Fig. 62.) Many wasps eat pollen. Ants are noted for 

 their strong jaws and yet they are very fond of sweet 

 liquids. The so-called paper wasps make the paper for 

 their nests by chewing bits of bark or wood to a pulp. 



FIG. 61. 



FIG. 62. 



FIG. 61. Mouth parts of honey-bee, with right maxilla and mandible 

 removed, md, mandible; mx, maxilla; mxp, maxillary palpus; mxl, maxillary 

 lobe; st, stipes; cd, cardo of maxilla; li, labium; sm, submentum of labium; 

 momentum of labium; pg, paraglossa; gl, glossa; lip. labial palpus. (Kellogg.) 



FIG. 62. Tongue of honey-bee, Apis mellifera; p, protecting bristles; s, 

 terminal spoon; /, taste setae. (Folsom, after Williston.) 



The gallfly larva lies in the midst of the gall, which yields it 

 the most nourishing of plant juices. Hence, it is evident 

 that, whatever the generic peculiarity of the mouth parts, 

 all members of the order can either bite, or suck or lap; 

 and most of them have both methods of feeding. In ad- 

 dition, the honey-bee has her mandibles so shaped as to 

 make effective trowels for moulding the wax to make 



