364 INDEX. 



Vanessa cardui, 138 Water scavengers, 61, 69 



Vespina, 168, 172 Water scorpions, 112 



Vireo, 137, 256 Water striders, 98 



Vital processes: Wax-making of bees, 163 



birds, 300 Webs of spiders, 242 



insects, 20 Weevils, 73 

 Vulture, black, 259, 319 bird enemies, 74 



Whip-poor-wills, 257 

 Whip-tailed scorpion, 237 



Walking sticks, 51,95 Whirligigs, 63 



Warblers, 137, 256, 293 White ants, 44 



Wasp flies, 188, 203 White grubs, 59, 73, 74 



Wasps, 163 Wing of bird, 268 

 community life, 173 comparison, 269 



industries, 173, 174 Winter birds, value of, 278 



nests, 172, 174 Wire worms, 74 



paper-making, 175 Woodcock, 328 



sense powers, 172 Wood duck, 282 



social, 172 Woodpeckers, 74, 118, 2^7, 294, 

 solitary, 168 3 1 3, 342 



study of, 144 



Water boatman, 99 Zoology defined, i 



