THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES. 53 



occupied by daughter cells. The ground substance is pervaded 

 by minute channels, which communicate on one hand with the 

 spaces around the cells, and on the other with lymph-spaces in 

 the connective tissue surrounding the cartilage. By means of 

 these channels, nutritive fluid can permeate, the entire structure. 

 Hyaline cartilage is found on the ends of the long bones, where 

 it enters into the formation of the joints; between the ribs and 

 sternum, forming the costal cartilage, as well as in the nose and 

 larynx. 



White fibro-cartilage, the ground substance of which is pervaded 

 by white fibers, arranged in bundles or layers, between which 





FIG. ii. HYALINE CARTILAGE. X 240. A. Surface view of the ensiform process 

 of frog, fresh; p, protoplasm of cartilage-cell, which entirely fills the lacuna; k, 

 nucleus; g, hyaline matrix. B. Portion of cross-section of human rib-cartilage 

 several days after death; examined in water: the protoplasm, z, of the cartilage- 

 cells has withdrawn from the walls of the lacunae, h; the nuclei are invisible, 

 i. Two cells within one capsule, k; x, a developing partition. 2. Five cartilage- 

 cells within one capsule; the lowest cell has fallen out, and here only the empty- 

 space is seen. 3. Capsule cut obliquely, and apparently thicker on one side. 

 4. Capsule not cut, but showing the cell within, g. Hyaline matrix transformed 

 into rigid fibers, /. 



are scattered the usual encapsulated cells. (See Fig. 12.) White 

 fibro-cartilage is tough, resistant, but flexible, and is found in 

 joints where strength and fixedness are required. Hence it is 

 present between the vertebrae, forming the intervertebral discs, 

 between the condyle of the lower jaw and the glenoid fossa, in 

 the knee-joint, around the margins of the joint cavities, etc. In 

 these situations it assists in maintaining the apposition of the 

 bones, in giving a certain degree of mobility to the joints, and in 

 diminishing the effects of shock and pressure imparted to the 

 bones. 



