THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS. 339 



The nerve supply of the bladder has been studied by Retzius, 

 Huber, and Griinstein in the frog and a number of the smaller 

 mammalia. Numerous sympathetic ganglia are observed, situated 

 outside of the muscular coat, at the base and sides of the bladder. 

 The neuraxes of the sympathetic neurones of these ganglia are 

 grouped into smaller or larger bundles which interlace and form 

 plexuses surrounding the bundles of nonstriated muscle-cells. From 

 these plexuses nerve-fibers are given ofT, which penetrate the muscle 

 bundles and end on the muscle-cells. The cell-bodies of the sym- 

 pathetic neurones are surrounded by the telodendria of small 

 medullated fibers, which terminate in the ganglia. Passing through 

 the ganglia large medullated fibers (sensory nerves) may be ob- 

 served which pass through the muscular coat, branch repeatedly 

 in the mucosa, and lose their medullary sheaths on approaching 

 the epithelium in which they end in numerous telodendria, the 

 small branches of which terminate between the epithelial cells. 



The ureters are surrounded by a nerve plexus containing non- 

 medullated and medullated nerve-fibers. The former end on cells 

 of the muscular layers ; the latter pass through the muscular layer, 

 and on reaching the mucosa branch a number of times before losing 

 their medullary sheaths. The nonmedullated terminal branches 

 form telodendria, the terminal fibers of which have been traced 

 between the cells of the lining epithelium (Huber). 



B. THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS* 



The suprarenal gland is surrounded by a fibrous-tissue capsule 

 contai-ning nonstriated muscle-cells, blood- and lymph-vessels, 

 nerves, and sympathetic ganglia. The glandular structure is divided 

 into a cortical and a medullary portion. In the former are distin- 

 guished three layers, according to the arrangement, shape, and 

 structure of its cells an outer glomerular zone, a middle broad fas- 

 cicular zone, and an inner reticular zone. According to Flint, who 

 worked in F. P. Mall's laboratory, and whose account will here be 

 followed, the framework of the gland is made up of reticulum. 

 In the glomerular zone this reticulum is arranged in the form of 

 septa, derived from the capsule, which divide this zone into more or 

 less regular spaces of oval or oblong shape. In the fascicular zone 

 the reticulum is arranged in processes and fibrils running at right 

 angles to the capsule. In the reticular zone the fibrils form a dense 

 network, while in the medulla the reticular fibrils are arranged in 

 processes and septa which outline numerous spaces. 



The gland-cells of the glomerular zone are arranged in coiled col- 

 umns of cells found in the compartments formed by the septa of 

 reticulum above mentioned. The cells composing these columns 

 are irregularly columnar, with granular protoplasm and deeply stain- 

 ing nuclei. In the fascicular zone the cells are arranged in regular 



