CONTENTS. x i 



CHAPTER XXIY. 



VISION. 



General considerations Physiological anatomy and general properties of the optic nerves Physiological anatomy of 

 the eyeball Sclerotic coat Cornea Membrane of Descemet, or of Demours Ligamentum iridis pectinatum 

 Choroid coat Ciliary processes Ciliary muscle Iris Pupillary membrane Eetina Crystalline lens Aqueous 

 humor Chambers of the eye Vitreous humor Summary of the anatomy of the globe The eye as an optical 

 instrument Laws of refraction, dispersion, etc., bearing upon the physiology of vision Theories of light Re- 

 fraction by lenses Myopia and hypermetropia Formation of images in the eye Mechanism of refraction in the 

 eye Astigmatism Movements of the iris Direct action of light upon the iris Action of the nervous system upon 



the iris Mechanism of the movements of the iris Accommodation of the eye to vision at different distances 



Changes in the crystalline lens in accommodation Action of the ciliary muscle Changes in the iris in accom- 

 modation Erect impressions produced by images inverted upon the retina Single vision with both eyes Cor- 

 responding points The horopter Appreciation of distance and of the form of objects Mechanism of the stereo- 

 scope Duration of luminous impressions Irradiation Movements of the eyeball Muscles of the eyeball Parts 

 for the protection of the eyeball Eyelids Muscles which open and close the eyelids Conjunctival mucous 

 membrane Lachrymal apparatus Composition of the tears, ... Page 767 



CHAPTER XXV. 



AUDITION, 



Physiological anatomy of the auditory nerves General properties of the auditory nerves Topographical anatomy 

 of the parts essential to the appreciation of sound The external ear General arrangement of the parts composing 

 the middle ear Anatomy of the tympanum Arrangement of the ossicles of the ear Muscles of the middle ear 

 Mastoid cells Eustachian tube Muscles of the Eustachian tube Mucous membrane of the middle ear and of 

 the Eustachian tube General arrangement of the bony labyrinth Laws of sonorous vibrations Noise and musi- 

 cal sounds Intensity, pitch, and quality of musical sounds Musical scale Harmonics, or overtones Resonators 

 of Helmholtz Resultant tones Summation tones Harmony Discord Tones by influence (consonance) Uses 

 of different parts of the auditory apparatus Uses of the external ear Structure of the membrana tympani Uses 

 of the membrana tympani Vibrations of the membrane by influence Appreciation of the pitch of tones Mech- 

 anism of the ossicles of the ear Physiological anatomy of the internal ear General arrangement of the mem- 

 branous labyrinth Vestibule Semicircular canals Cochlea Liquids of the labyrinth Distribution of nerves in 

 the cochlea Organ of Corti Functions of different parts of the internal ear Functions of the semicircular canals 

 Functions of the parts contained in the cochlea Summary of the mechanism of audition, . . . .815 



CHAPTER XXVI. 



ORGANS AND ELEMENTS OF GENERATION. 



General considerations Sexual generation Spontaneous generation (so called) Female organs of generation Gen- 

 eral arrangement of the female organs External and internal organs The ovaries Development of the Graa- 

 flan follicles The parovarium The uterus The Fallopian tubes Structure of the ovum Vitelline membrane 

 Vitellus Germinal vesicle and germinal spot Discharge of the ovum Puberty and menstruation Descrip- 

 tion of a menstrual period Characters of the menstrual flow Changes in the uterine mucous membrane during 

 menstruation Changes in the Graafian follicle after its rupture (corpus luteum) The testicles Tunica vagi- 

 nalis Tunica albuginea Tunica vasculosa Seminiferous tubes Epididymis Vas deferens Vesiculas seminales 

 Prostate Glands of the urethra Semen Secretions mixed with the products of the testicles Spennatozoids 

 Development of the spermatozoids Seminal fluid in advanced age, 852 



CHAPTER XXVII. 



FECUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVUM. 



Coitus Action of the male Action of the female Entrance of spermatozoids into the uterus Course of the sper- 

 matozoids through the female generative passages Mechanism of fecundation Determination of the sex of 

 offspring Hereditary transmission Snperfecundation Influence of the maternal mind upon offspring Union of 

 the male with the female element of generation Passage of the spermatozoids through the vitelline membrane 

 Deformation and gyration of the vitellus Polar globule Vitelline nucleus Segmentation of the vitellus 

 Primitive trace of the embryon Blastodermic layers Formation of the membranes Amniotic fluid Umbili- 

 cal vesicle Formation of the allantois and the permanent chorion Umbilical cord Menibranae deciduse 

 Development and structure of the placenta General view of the development of the embryon Development 

 of the cavities and layers of the trunk in the chick External blastodermic membrane Intermediate mem- 

 brane, in two layers Internal blastodermic membrane Neural canal Chorda dorsalis Primitive aortse Ver- 

 tebraeOrigin of the Wolffian bodies Pleuro-peritoneal cavity Development of the skeleton Development of 

 the muscles Development of the skin Development of the nervous system Development of the encephalon 



