DISTRIBUTION. 13 



the Malayan region that the fossil elephants connecting- 

 tile living species with the mastodons are alone found ; 

 and it is thus probable that from these regions the true 

 elephants migrated westward into Europe and Africa, 

 while the mammoth in later times crossed from Asia into 

 Alaska by way of Behring Strait. That the mammoth, 

 which ranged from the Arctic regions to the Alps and 

 Pyrenees, was a contemporary of the primeval hunters of 

 Europe is now a well-established fact, but it appears that 

 throughout the Old World mastodons had utterly died 

 out before the advent of man. In the New World, 

 however, the continuity between the old and the new 

 fauna was more fully sustained, the Missouri mastodon 

 having survived well into the human period, so that we 

 have in this survival a good instance of the vast changes 

 that have taken place in the fauna of the globe within 

 what we may metaphorically call the memory of man. 



