FARIVrSSRS' REGISTER— iMAKING MANURE. 



527 



will be, to extend in a still greater ratio, not only 

 the intercourse between our towns, but that be- 

 tween them and the northern cities; whilst the 

 travel of that class of persons who visit the cities 

 of Washington and Richmond, during the sessions 

 of congress and the legislature, irom motives of 

 business or pleasure, may be expected largely and 

 steadily to increase. 



The commissioners, looking at the subject in 

 these aspects, can scarcely doubt that in the 

 course of a reasonable period the improvement 

 will produce to the stockholders, in dividends, the 

 maximum (15 per cent.) authorized by the char- 

 ter ; and this maximiun, il" produced by the tolls, 

 it will be recollected, is completely secured to the 

 company for a term oi' thirty years aller the com- 

 pletion of the rail road, by a clause in the charter, 

 which guarantees the company during that period 

 acainst all competitions li'om any rival work. 



"The above views go to show that an investment 

 in the proposed improvement cannot li^iil to be se- 

 ciire and productive J but other considerations still 

 more decidedly recommend its patronage to the 

 citizens of Richmond and Fredericksburg and the 

 intervening country. To the owners of property 

 between Richmond and Fredericksburg it will in- 

 sure a cheap and speedy transportation of their 

 products, and of course, a large enhancement in 

 the ^•alue of their lands. To the merchants and 

 shippers of both towns, a facility in keeping their 

 assortments complete and in making their pur- 

 chases and transacting business in either town — to 

 the hotels and boarding houses in both towns, an 

 increased business, proportionate to the largely in- 

 creased amount of travel. But by the property 

 holders in both towns, the benefits of the improve- 

 ment will be more particularly felt. Its enhance- 

 ment may be greater in some than in other por- 

 tions of each town, but will be felt in some degree 

 in all. H street in Richmond, now so partially 

 built, may be expected to become in a few j-ears, 

 throughout its whole extent, what Broad street in 

 Philiidelphia, since it has been occupied by the 

 Philadel|)hia and Columbia Rad Road, hasbeen be- 

 coming so rapidly, a handsome avenue, presenting 

 on either side ranges of warehouses and retail 

 stores, handsome hotels and boarding houses ; and 

 the industry of our city and Fredericksburg will 

 experience a new in>pulse from tlie foundries and 

 work-shops to wdiich the rail road will give rise. 

 Fredericksburg, in addition, on account of the 

 abundance and cheapness with which all the sup- 

 plies of lile are procured there, may be expected, 

 when an easy communication is procured to and 

 from it, to become the residence of many families 

 of that class in society who arc not tied down by 

 the engagements of their members to any particu- 

 lar spot, but left free to select the abode which pre- 

 sents most attractions. But it would be difficult 

 to point out the many results which may be ex- 

 pected (o ensue from the execution of the work in 

 question, to the towns which it will connect. Un- 

 less the commissioners are greatly mistaken, the 

 productiveness of the improvement as a stock, 

 clear as it seems to them, is its least recommenda- 

 tion. 



In conclusion, the commissioners would remark, 

 that the whole amount of private subscriptions re- 

 quisite to the completion of the work is Jji -120,000 

 or three-fiiths of the capital stock of the company, 

 as there can be no doubt that the state will next 



winter subscribe the remaining two-fifths; and 

 that to ortjanize the company a subscription of 

 S300,000 is by the charter made sufficient. Two 

 dollars per share is to be paid at the time of sub- 

 scribing, which sum, of course, will be repaid to 

 each subscriber, if the amount necessary to organ- 

 ize the company should not be made up. 



JOHN II. EUSTACE, 

 FLKMING JAMKS, 

 LEWIS WEBB, 

 .JOHN A. LANCASTER, 

 .lAMES EOSIIER, 

 RICHARD C. WORTIIAM, 

 CONWAY ROBINSON, 

 WILSON ALLEN, 

 FAYETTE JOHNSON, 

 W. S. BLACKFORD, 

 JOHN L. MA RYE, 

 JOHN DICKINSON, 

 JOSEPH M. SHEPPARD. 



From the New England Farmer. 



EXTRACT FROM A DISSERTATION ON MAKING 

 AND APPLYING MANURE, BY JAMES HALE, 

 ESQ. 



For which a premium was awarded by the Merrimac 

 Agricultural SocietJ^ 



It has been observed by a writer on agriculture, 

 that manure stands in the same relation to the far- 

 mer, that a stock of goods, calculated to meet the 

 market, does to a merchant. Whether the com- 

 parison is correct or not in every point of view, 

 it cannot be denied that manure is an article of 

 the greatest iui[iortance to the farmer. It is the 

 intention of the writer to present to the public, in a 

 plain and concise manner, for the aid of the prac- 

 tical farmer, as well as to excite an investigation, a 

 i'ew ideas on the subject of making and applying 

 manure. 



MAKING MANURE. 



This subject comprehends not only the best 

 manner of saving and preserving the manure, 

 which is naturally made by a stock of cattle on a 

 farm, but likewise the best method of increasing 

 that quantity by the aid of other materials. The 

 manure made in stables during the winter season 

 should be cleanly thrown from the same every 

 day, and the stable floor well littered with straw 

 or refuse hay. The litter, besides increasing the 

 quantity of manure, conduces to the ease and 

 health of the cattle, and increases both the quan- 

 tity and quality of the milk of cows. The cattle 

 in the ^vinter should usually be confined in the 

 farmyard, and the cows at least should be yarded 

 during the night in the summer season. It is said 

 by practical formers that three loads of manure, 

 kept under a cover through the spring and sum- 

 mer, are worth four exposed to the air during that 

 time. 



The manure made by fatting hogs should be 

 frequently cleaned ti-om the hog house and placed 

 in the yard adjoining — (no farmer should be 

 without a hog yard — ) and the sty should be fre- 

 quently replenished with plenty of straw or other 

 litter. 



But the thriving, economical and scientific far- 

 mer Avill not depend solely on the j^receding me- 

 : thods for his stock of manure ; but, for the purpose 



