FARMERS' REGISTER— TRAINING, ON WALLS— ON TREES 



697 



opened two decimetres thirty centimetres (eight 

 inches) deep, and sixty centimetres (two ieet) 

 wide: slips with old wood attached (bout ares -crvs- 

 settes) are laid crosswise in the bottom of this 

 trench, the tops arc turned toward the wail, and at 

 the distance of i'our or five decimetres (twelve 

 or fifteen inches) from each other: they are cover- 

 ed* witl\ one decimetre three centimetres (three 

 or four inches) of earth which is pressed down; 

 the ends of the slips are setup, and afterwards the 

 trench filled with earth, or better, with mould mix- 

 ed with earth. In the (i)llowing spring the slips 

 are pruned to two eyes, and each supported by a 

 prop; the next spring the principal branch only is 

 preserved, the others are removed. This branch 

 IS laid down as in the first year, the others having 

 been taken off; it is pruned also in the spring to 

 two eyes, and in the third year it reaches the wall. 

 By proceeding thus the vine is very well rooted. 

 Afterwards, it the stocks perish, they are replaced 

 by the same slips, but they are buried at only five 

 or six decimetres that thoy may reach the wall in 

 the second year. 



A trellis work is fixed against the wall, and in 

 the spring the first stock is cut off at two decime- 

 tres (six inches) Irom the ground above a good 

 eye: this eye and the one below it, give, each, one 

 branch which is trained upon the wall, under the 

 trellis, by gently bending them, one to the left and 

 the other to the right, in a straight line, as if they 

 both proceeded firom the same point: they are fix- 

 ed and tied with withs of straw or wet rye. It is 

 only the trunk that is not confined under the trellis. 

 Experience has shown that the nearer the grapes 

 are to the wall, the better they become. If bunches 

 proceed and grow under the cross-pieces, they are 

 raised or lowered a little to save them from pressure. 

 When the second stock is sufficiently high, it is 

 cut off, but at sixty centimetres (two teet) and 

 when the two others have also reached the proper 

 state they are cut off, the third at one metre (three 

 feet) and the lijurth at one metre thirty centime- 

 tres (four feet;) but while waiting tor them to 

 reach the desired height, these lateral shoots are 

 pruned to one or two eyes to obtain fruit. As soon 

 as the two arms of this second stock have been 



Rruned, the shoots nmst be removed. The stocks 

 aving reached their proper height, and the two 

 last branches being sufficiently extended, to form 

 their arms, the pruning should be finished as de- 

 scribed by JNl. Poiteau.f "These two branches 

 are to be pruned till they are each lour feet long; 

 longer than Avhich they are not to be allowed to 

 grow: the pruning is to be so managed as to obtain 

 three shoots placed at the distance of from four to 

 six inches from eachother; two of these shoots will 

 be converted into runners [^cnursons'] at the suc- 

 ceeding pruning, and the third, which is farthest 

 off, destined to lengthen the arm. Care should 

 be taken during the summer, to attach vertically on 

 the trellis, the shoots intended to make runners, 

 and to extend horizontally that which is intended 

 to continue the lateral branch [cordon.'] At the 

 second pruning the two runners will be pruned to 

 , two eyes and the terminal branches will be again 

 pruned so as to leave proceeding from it three 



*The original has change which I suppose a misprint 

 for charge. 



fLe bon jardinier. 

 Vol. 11—53 



shoots at from four to six inches apart; two of these' 

 shoots will be trained vertically, and the third ex- 

 tended horizontal!}-, as in the preceding year, and 

 so in succession until each arm is four feet long, 

 when the terminal branch also is to be pruned as a 

 runner. Each arm should have eight runners, all 

 placed as much as possible on the same side. 

 When the last stock has acquired its two arms, all 

 of fburft>et each, there will be on a surface of eight 

 teet square eighty runners, which, pruned to two 

 eyes, will each produce two branches, yielding 

 each at least two bunches of grapes." 



Thus experience has shown, at Thomery, that 

 to obtain more li-uit it is necessary to allow no 

 more than one hundred and t^venty centimetres 

 (four feet) on each side, otherwise the bunches 

 would grow only towards the extremities and not 

 towards the body of" the vine: but it is to be ob- 

 served, that all the walls situated to the south and 

 the east are taken up with arbors of Chnsselas 

 alone. Fruit-trees are never seen on such walls; 

 ihey are planted to the north, where may be found 

 in abundance the English pear, which succeeds 

 astonishingly, the peach of Malta, the crassane, 

 (a pear,) "the winter 6on-c/ircife?!, Sf-c. It is only 

 within the last six years that advantageous use 

 has been made of" walls in this situation. 



Culture of the vine o?i trees, [en hautains.'] 

 For many ages the vine has been cultivated on 

 trees in Italy, on the coasts of Africa, in Asia Mi- 

 nor, Greece, the Islands of the Archipelago, &c. 

 To marry the vine to trees imports that they serve 

 it as a support. The trees most employed in this 

 culture are a species of the elm [orme champHre,'] 

 of the poplar [peuplier noir,'] of the ma[)le [erable 

 a feuilles dcfrene,'] of the mulberry [riiurier blanc,"] 

 and of the almond [cmiandier d coques tendres/\ 

 the evergreens and walnut trees are excluded. As 

 in France, the vine grows in all lands if they are 

 not watery. 



The land is ploughed, and planted with youn^ 

 trees in parallel lines fifteen metres (forty-five 

 feet) apart; these trees are to have no branches 

 till two decimetres six centimetres (eight feet) 

 above the ground. 



When these trees have taken and are well 

 rooted, a trench is to be dug at the foot of each, and 

 in this are to be planted two slips en crossettes with 

 roots, and having only two branches on them, at 

 sixty centimetres or one metre (two or three feet) 

 fi-om the tree, but not far from each other; they 

 are to be laid down in the little trench quite to the 

 foot of the trees, and to be set up against them so 

 as to be supported by them. Mago* and Vir- 

 gilf direct that the trenches should not be entirely 

 filled up the first year; they were right, since the 

 same practice is continued to this day. The 

 crossettes should be two or three years old. The 

 space between the trees is necessary, because if 

 they were nearer they would be crowded in their 

 growth. If the browsing of cattle is apprehended, 

 the vines must be enclosed. Cabbage, turnips, 

 lucerne, corn, &c., are planted in the intervals. 

 PalladiusJ recommends to cut oft' the ends of the 

 roots of the crossettes before planting; but it is 

 better not to do so, as this would deprive them of 

 the means of drawing much nourishment from 

 the earth. 



♦Chap. 6, Liv. 5. 

 JLiv. 3, Chap. 10. 



tGeor.Liv. 2. 



