IS38.] 



FARMKRS' REGISTER 



21 



was proposed to chive a number ol' piles, alioui 

 iurty to fifty yiinls li-oiii the lori. 'I'hosc (lilc^ 

 were twelve or filieeii indies in (liameter, luid dri- 

 ven in jiliout one tiinnifler from earii other, nearl\ 

 in iistriiitrhi line, pariiHel to the wall where the 

 waves dill t^o nuich daniairo. They were driven 

 into the iironnil wilh a j^ile en^'ine, til! peiiix'tly 

 firm, perhaps eijxhi or nine feei^ deep, and about 

 two feel ol" ilie lopoC them leli aliove the level ol 

 liigh-waler mark. 



"Alter ihir! was done, the wall? received no fur- 

 ther injury, the s[KK"e between ihe piles and the 

 Tort being always perli^ctly ismooth, liowevcr, leni- 

 pestaons theAvaves might be without." 



FiiJ. I. of Plate I. is a seel ion ol' such a bulwark, 

 phowinir the natural perpendicular liice of the 

 shore, and ho\s' the same should be slojied, so as 

 to resif^t the impression of the water most effectu- 

 ally. That pnriion of the bank marked A, should 

 be removed, and placed in the anofular point at B, 

 BO as to (brm a giadu dly inclined plane, to be 



liiced with stone or tnii; as high as the point C, or 

 as (ar as D. if high tides reach iha! mark. 



Where it may be loo e.xpensive to procure stone 

 of the proper li)rm and size, and where the force of 

 Ihe tide is not extraordinarily <rreai, by giving the 

 lace of the bank a <rrealer (legree o( slope, small 

 sinnes, broke like those used (or melallin<r roads, 

 coarse gravel, or broken brick, may be spreacl 

 upon the sufiice, about a fool thick; which, if well 

 fealen down, will make a safe and durable liMice. 

 Brushwood, also, spread on the liice of ihe bank, 

 and well lasleneddovvn with hooked |)egs, isfouncl 

 to answer well, when properly done at first, and 

 carefully attended to. These last methods have' 

 been practised on the banks of the Carron at 

 Grangemoiilh. and answer the purpose sufficiently 

 well. * The wood is subject to decay, and re- 



*As directed by the author, on the property of Lord 



Dundas. 



Plate I. Sections of Sea Dikes, and Embankments, 



^iFJ/'ee/- ^/n. j3-FeeM/n. 4^^ jg 



Fig. 2 — A, Surface covered with turf or small stones. 



B, sown with grass seeds. 



C, Stake and rice. 

 Ej Back drain. 



iH^/gh. Pf^f-erJ^eue/ 



JOWee/- 



Fig, 3— A, faced with turf, 

 Fig. 4 — A. faced with turf, 



