98 



FARMERS' REGISTER. 



[No. 2 



these contain a good deal of lime, which had been 

 used by the soapboilers.* They ascertained 

 that there was an advantage in it. It is known 

 likewise, that foreign agents are visiting different 

 towns and places on the sea -board, to purchase 

 the refuse bones, and the animal carbon, after it 

 has been used by the sugar refineries, in order to 

 enrich the wheat fields in Europe, which have 

 been, for the last two years, to a considerable ex- 

 tent, and to our great disgrace, the granaries ol 

 the United States. 



From tlie same. 



NEAT CATTLE. 



Essex county is not a ijrazing territory. Few 

 cattle are raised in it. The stock generally to be 

 found in it is what is called our "native stock,'* 

 which is a mixture of no certain oriiiin; but in 

 which the Devon race ijreatly preponderates. 



Some cows, which have been owned in Essex, 

 have probably never been exceeded, for their dai- 

 ry produce, by any in any part of the country. 

 The Oakes cow, owned in Dnnvers, made in 

 181--.', 180 lbs. of butter, in 1814, 300 lbs.; in 1815, 

 over 400 lbs.; in 1816, 484^ lbs. At the same 

 time, the family reserved one quart of milk per 

 day for their own use; and she suckled four calves 

 four weeks each in the course of those years. She 

 made in one week 19j lbs. butter; and she ave- 

 raged over 16 lbs. of butter per week, for three 

 months in succession. 



The Nourse cow, owned in North Salem, made 

 20 lbs. of butter in one week; and averaixed 14 

 lbs. butter per week for four successive months. 



The Haverhill heifer, two to three years old, 

 produced 14 lbs. of butter in a week after her calf 

 was killed at six weeks old: and more than 18 lbs. 

 of butter in the ten days after her calf was killed. 

 These cows were all of native stock. 



The largest amount of milk given in one day by 

 the Oakes cow, is 44-| lbs. In the case of the two 

 first cows, they were fed in the most liberal man- 

 ner, with meal and their own skim milk. In the 

 case of the heifer, the feed was grass and pump- 

 kins. 



I subjoin a list ofa few other cows in the county, 

 whose yield is well authenticated. 



1. Cow owned by John Barr, in Salem. 



In 274 days the weight ol milk was 7611 lbs. 



1822. No. of quarts, beer measure, 2965.^- 



1823. In 268 days, weight of milk was 7-517 lbs. 

 No. of quarts, beer measure, 2923. 



The sales from this cow, including the calf at 5 

 dollars, and milk at 5 cents per quart, in 1822, was 

 $153.25. In 1823, iB151.15. 



2. Cow. John Stone, Marblehead. From 

 June to October, this cow averaged 11 lbs. of but- 

 ter per week. 



3. Cow. N. Pierce, Salem. 3,528 quarts milk 

 per year, — nearly 10 quarts per day. 



4. Jeremiah Stickney, Rowley. 19 quarts dai- 

 ly; calf at six weeks old weighed 196 lbs. — gain 

 2} lbs. per day. 



* And also, a much larger proportion of the car- 

 bonate and phosphate of lime, as original ingredients 

 of all wood-ashes.— Ed. Far. Reg. 



5. Cow. Isaac Osgood, Andover. 17 quarts 

 of milk per day; made 50 lbs. of butter in the month 

 of June. 



6. Cow. S. Noah, Danvers. In 148 days 

 from 2d iMay, gave 587|- gallons milk; — more than 

 four gallons per day for that time. 



7. Cow. T. Flanders, Haverhill. From 20th 

 April to 22d September, besides 46| gallons milk 

 used for flimily, made 163 lbs. 4 oz. butter. 



8. Cow. Daniel Putnam, Danvers. " This 

 cow calved iNlay 21st. The calf was sold June 

 20th for .S7 621. during the 30 days that the 

 calf sucked there were made from her milk 17 lbs. 

 of butter. From June 20th to September 26th 

 (14 weeks) she gave 3370 lbs. of milk, or more 

 than 34 lbs. 6 oz. per day. The greatest quanti- 

 ty on any one day was 45 lbs., or 17^ quarts, 

 'i'lie weight ol a quart of her milk is 2 lbs. 9 oz. 

 The greatest qaaiitity in one week was 288 lbs. 

 The quantity of butler made in the same 14 weeks 

 'was 139 lbs. The greatest amount in one week 

 was 12 lbs. 2oz." 



9. Cow. Owned by William Osborn, Salem, 

 The milk of this cow fiotn January 24th to April 

 10th, was 3127 lbs., vaiying from 33 to 48 lbs. per 

 day, averaging 40^^ lbs. per day during that time. 



10. Cow. Owned by Richard Eliot, Danvers. 

 This cow's milk gave 16 lbs. of butter in one 

 week; and she yielded on an average from 15 to 

 18 quarts per day, beer measure, lor a length of 

 time. 



All these cows were what is denominated our 

 native stock. An intelligent gentleman, the own- 

 er of an extraordinary cow in the interior, remarks, 

 in a letter detailing her yield, what is highly im- 

 portant to be remembered. '' From the expe- 

 rience I have had with this cow, I feel quite sure 

 that many cows, which have been considered 

 quite ordinary, might, by kind and gentle treat- 

 ment, good and regfiZar "feeding, and proper care 

 in milking, have ranked among the first rate." 



The yield of a cow now owned in Andover, is 

 remarkable. Her origin is not known, but her 

 appearance indicated a mixed blood; and I was 

 led to believe she partook ol' the Yorkshire blood, 

 a race of cattle which I have found in the neigh- 

 borhood of Moultenboro' and Canterbury, N. H., 

 but whose introduction I am not able to trace. 



In 1836, besides supplying the family with 

 cream and milk, there were sold 127^ gallons milk 

 at 14 cenis per gallon, ijpl7 88 



166 lbs. butter at 25 cents, 41 50 



Calf sold, 8 00 



867 38 

 " The keeping was good pasture and swill of 

 (he house, including the skim milk, with three 

 pints of meal per day." These statements show, 

 in a strong light, the difference between a good 

 and a poor cow; and the utility oi" liberal keeping. 

 The difference in the butter properties of diH'er- 

 ent cows is not generally considered. In a yard 

 of five cows, upon repeated trials, made at similar 

 times, and as near as could be under the same 

 circumstances, by a farmer in this county, the dif- 

 lerence in the yield of cream upon 9 inches of milk, 

 was found to be as 13 to 3. 



Attempts have been made to introduce some 

 improved foreign stocks into the county; the Al- 

 derney, the Holderness, and the improved Dur- 

 ham short-horn. These experiments are report- 



