FARMERS' REGISTER. 



357 



moths from the hive. The boxes must be raised up 

 and inspected, frequently and carefully, and the 

 moths and maggots killed with the paddle. This 

 will if'ive but little 1 rouble and much [ileasure and 

 profit too. ij' ihe bee house is consiruc.ted on ihis 

 plan, and is c >nvenienily situated, so that the bee 

 master can often step in and spend a leisure mo- 

 ment in vvitnessinix and assiaiinjr the labors ol 

 these his industrious and unhired servants. 



For this sort of attention my bees have this 

 year repaid me with over two hundred pounds o( 

 delicious honey, and with many new swarms. 

 'Tis true I have had to inspect them olien and 

 l<il! many molhs ; and have lost two stands by de- 

 pendiniT upon the bloc]<s and bees too much and 

 not usini:^ the paddle enough. Your friend, 



R. W. S. 



ON THE CULTIVATION OF FRUIT TREES. 



From the Franklin Fanner. 



Description of a metbod of cultivating peach trees, 

 with a view to prevent their premature decay; con- 

 firmed by the experience of forty-five years, in De- 

 laware state, and the western parts of Pennsylvania. 

 By Thomas Coulter, Esq. of Bedford county, Penn- 

 sj'lvania. 



The death of younjr peach trees is principally 

 owinf^ lo planting, and pruning the same stock, 

 which occasions it to be open and tender, with a 

 rough bark, in consequence ofwhich insects lodge 

 and breed in it, and birds search after them, 

 whereby wounds are made, and the gum exudes, 

 and in a ['c.w years the tree is useless. To pre- 

 vent this, transplant your trees as young as possi- 

 ble, if in the kernal it will be no check of growth. 

 Plant them sixteen feet apart. Pioush and har- 

 row between them, for two years, without regard 

 to wounding them, but avoid tearing them up by 

 the roots. In the month of March or April, in 

 the third year after transplanting, cut them all off 

 by the ground, plough and harrow among them 

 as before, but with great care, to avoid wounding 

 or tearing them. Suffer all the sprouts or scions 

 10 grow, even if they should amount to half a do- 

 zen or more, tliey become bearing trees almost 

 instantaneously, on account of <he strength of the 

 roof. Allovv no animals but hogs to enter your 

 orchard, for fear of their woundini; the shoots, as 

 a substance drains away through the least wound, 

 which is essential to the health of the tree, and 

 the cTood quality of the fmit. 



If the old stalk is cut away the third year after 

 transplanting, no more shoots will come to matu- 

 rity than the old stump can support and nourish, 

 the remainder will die before they bear fruit, and 

 may be cut away, taking care not to wound any 

 other stalk. The sprouts when loaded with fruit 

 will bend, and rest on the ground in every direc- 

 tion for many years, ail of them being rooted as if 

 they had been planted, their stock remaining 

 tough, and their bark smooth, for twenty years 

 and upwards. If any of the sprouts from tlie old 

 stump should happen to split off and die, cut them 

 away, they will be supplied fi-om the ground by 

 others, so that you may have trees from the same 

 /or 100 years, as I believe. I iiave now trees from 

 one to ihlrty-eix years old, all from the same 



stump. Young free.s, formed in this manner, will 

 bear fruit the second year; but this fruit will not 

 ripen so early as the fruit on the older trees from 

 the same stump. Three years after the trees are 

 cut off, the shoots will be sufficiently large and 

 bu.«hy to shade the ground so as to prevent the 

 growth of grass, that might injure the trees ; 

 therefore ploughing will be useless, and may be 

 injurious by wounding them. It is also unneces- 

 sary to manure peach trees, the fruit of manured 

 trees is always smaller and inferior to that ol' trees 

 which are not manured. By manuring you make 

 the peach tree larger, and apparently more flour- 

 ishing, but its fruit will be of a bad kind, look- 

 ing as srreen as the leaves, even when ripe, and 

 later than that of trees which have not been ma- 

 nured. Peach trees never require a rich soil ; the 

 poorer the soil the belter the fruit ; a middling soil 

 produces the most bountiful crop. The highest 

 ground is the best for peach trees, and the north 

 side of the hills the most desirable, as it retards 

 vegetation, and prevents the destructive effects of 

 late frosts, which occur in the month of April, in 

 Pennsylvania. Convinced by long experience of 

 the truth of these observations, the author wishes 

 they may be published for public benefit, and has 

 been informed, that Col. Luther Martin and ano- 

 ther gentleman, in the lower part of Maryland, 

 have adopted a similar plan with great advantage. 



From tlie Soutliern Cabinet. 

 NOTES ON EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE. BY A 

 CHARLESTONIAN. 



The Grasses. 



I stated in my first number, that in fine breeds 

 of horses, horned cattle and sheep, suited to the 

 different climates and pastures, Great Britain took 

 the lead of the world. The abundant supply of 

 milk, butter and cheese — her superior mutton, veal 

 and beef— her wool and her unrivaled breeds of 

 horses, are all dependent on the cultivation of va- 

 rious rich grasses — some of them natives, but the 

 majority and the most valuable — exotics, now na- 

 turalized and adapted to the soil and climate by 

 long cultivation. England, with her millions of 

 inhabitants dependent on her commerce and ma- 

 nufactures, could not exist without her grains and 

 grasses. With all her wealth, she would be ruin- 

 ed in two years, were she obliged to import her 

 hay and corn, on which the dairy and meat mar- 

 kets are dependent. O'Connell, who seizes every 

 opportunity to speak contemptuously of our coun- 

 try, said in parliament, two years ago, in reference 

 to Americans importing grain from Europe for 

 home consumption, tliat he had but a poor opi- 

 nion of an agricultural country that was obliged 

 to import its corn. The improved breeds of cat- 

 tle in the western parts of Pennsylvania — in Ohio, 

 Kentucky and the Opelousas country, are evi- 

 dences of what may be efliected by the cultiva- 

 tion of grasses. The cattle brought to the Charles- 

 ton market from Kentucky, will bear a fair com- 

 parison with those of England; they are indeed 

 the descendants of imported breeds, and I have 

 noticed that they are yearly improving in form, 

 size and weichf. The oxen from Opelousas, in 

 the south-western part of Louisiana, with im- 



