FARMER S' REGISTER 



493 



with no grazing ; but no n)anure, as all the offal 

 of crops was carried to the then iioniesiead on 

 the adjoiiiini? Old Town farm. This system 

 6up|)osed to have been preservative, but not im- 

 provini^. 



13lk. — The same three-shiCt rotation continued, 

 until 4 years afro, when changed to the Ibur- 

 shilt, wiih 2 irrain crops in 4 years on the inte- 

 rior laiui, and 3 in 4 years on ail the new and 

 better land.* This last found to be too severe, 

 and phall return to the Ibrmer threc-shill course. 



14//i. — On the old land, 100 per cent., except 

 where galled, and there very little early increase. 

 On the new-ground, all. marled before its first 

 crop, and therelbre cannot state the earliest in- 

 creased product. Now, supposed 150 per cent. 

 on the old, and full as mucli improvement on 

 the new land, over what miglit have been its 

 earl}' product wiihout marling. 



15/^.— Increased — in all cases except on spots 

 niarl-burnt, by excessively heavy dressings. 

 This injury the greatest on very light and poor, 

 or galled land. 



16th. — No subsequent diminution expected. 



nth. — None, except as before stated on the small 

 extent ol' marl-burnt spots. A small piece of 

 before very poor and exhausted land, on a neigh- 

 bor's liirm, which was marled from my pit 13 

 years ago, at fully 800 bushels to the acre, afier 

 its first succeeding crop was made, and to this 

 time, has continued perft^clly barren. 



18/A. — Veijetable or other putrescent manures cer- 

 tainly more efficacious at first, and the eH'ects 

 more lasting. Believe that one load of any 

 such manure on marled land is fully worth as 

 much as two on similar land not marled. Have 

 tried no oiher mineral manure. 



19th, — 10 bushels to the acre. 



20th.— From 22 to 23 bushels, 



2lst. — Formerly, 121 bushels — that having been 

 the actual average of three successive crops. 

 Since, and recently, about 500 bushels the ave- 

 rage crop of wheat. 



22cZ. — Suppose the average gross increased pro- 

 duct to be S6.66 the acre for the grain, tobacco, 

 &c., of each crop, and S1020 of annual in- 

 crease on the whole marled land. 



23d. — Nothing contradicting any part of the 

 "recapitulation," in my experience or observa- 

 tion. 



IV. jinswers of John H. Marks, in regard to Old 

 Town farm. 



j^nswer to query 1st. — In 1827, except 10 to 15 

 acres marled about 1820. 



2rf.— My father's, until his death in 1822— then 

 under direction of my brother Edward A. 

 Marks, until in 1S33, and since in my posses- 

 sion. Until 1833, this farm and Burley kept to- 

 gether, and the same general management as 

 to marling. 



3d. — 400 acres. 



4th. — 50 acres; poorer than the present general 

 average; 65 acres of the fields not cultivated for 



* This is the four-shift rotation as pursued at Shirley 

 and Westover, of, 1st year, wheat on clover, 2d, corn, 

 3d, wheat, and 4th cloverieft untouched, to be plougii- 

 ed under in autumn for next crop of wheat. — Ed. 



8 years before being marled, because of the 

 great poverty. 



5th.— From 1827 to 1840, about 288 acres ; 300 in 

 all. 



Gth. — Same pits used as for Burley, and same an- 

 swer — ^as also to 7ih and 8ih queries. 



9th.—Beiore WiS, 400 bushels; since, 300. 



lO^A. and 11th. — None observed. 



12//j. — The three-shift rotation with close grazing ; 

 of course impoverishing. 



13lh. — The like treatment until 1833; since, 4 shifts, 

 and 3 grain crops in 4 years on nearly half the 

 land. No grazing, and clover sown generally. 



14;/i. — Suppose 80 per cent. Something better now. 



15//i. — The small subsequent and additional in- 

 crease is general. 



16//t. — No such diminution expected to occur. 



nth. — Only by marl- burning, and that in poorest 

 spots. 



ISth. — Yes, both, and under all circumstances. 

 Would not put manure on the land not marled. 



19th. — About 10 bushels, except on 4C* cres ol lots, 

 which had been kept highly manured for tobacco, 

 when that crop was lormerly made, and which 

 would have brought 30 bushels of corn to the 

 acre before being marled. 



2Qth. — About 25 bushels average. 



21s/. — 350 bushels before marling — 700 now. 



22c/. — Estimated at same rate as on the Burley 

 farm — §6.66 the acre, and about §2000 annu- 

 ally for the whole marled land. 



23t/.— -Nothing known which contradicts or opposes 

 the statements in the '* recapitulation" refer- 

 red to. 



V". jlnswers by Lt. Harrison H. Cocke, U. S. N., 

 in regard to Evergreen farm.* 



Answer to query 1st. — About 1827. 



2d. — The farm then the properly of Mrs. Rebecca 

 VVoodliefJ and the entire management under 

 overseers. Since 1830, under my direction, and 

 more recently, 1 became the exclusive proprie- 

 tor. 



\3d and 4th queries not in the first draught sent 

 to the writer, and therefore not answered. The 

 same remark will apply to other queries which 

 will have no answers. — Ed.^ 



5th. — Previous to 1830 there had been only 60 to 70 

 acres marled. Afterwards, and up to tlie pre- 

 sent time [January, 1839,] there must be be- 

 tween 500 and 600 acres more marled. 



6ih. — It varied in strength from 25 to 60 per cent, 

 of pure shelly matter. 



7th and Sth. — Nothing more than usual. 



9//t.— From 200 to 300 bushels the acre; the great- 

 er quantities being given in proportion to the 

 then greater productive power and stifier tex- 

 ture of the land. 



10//(.— None. 



11th. — Only as heavy as 400 bushels, on poor stiff 

 and moist land, and with much increased ad- 

 vantage in the results. But, with such heavier 

 dressings. I applied, at the same time, a good 



* The paper of which these answers are an ab- 

 stract and abridgment, was written at and sent from 

 Pensacola, January, 1S39, where the writer had not the 

 means of reference to any written memoranda on the 

 subject. — Ed. 



