628 



F A 11 M E R S' REGISTER 



twelve perliche in one liunilred. and to pass in 

 Bucceesion over the whole, for ihe henefit oC varia- 

 lion. Another,—!, wheat, and millet niter; 2, 

 conimon maize ; *^, wheat and millet; 4 common 

 maize; 5, rye and quaraniino; G common maize; 

 7 rye and quarantino; 8 common maize. 'JMic 

 assiduity wiih which liiey avoid a lallow de- 

 eervee altenlion ; and it is here efl'ecied, as in the 

 Bouih of France, by means of a plaiil that is 

 asserted by many to exhaust. 



Lodizan. — 1, Wheat, sown in October and 

 reaped in June, and the land ploughed thrice, and 

 manured lor, 2, wheal again, and clover, called 

 spianata agostano, vvhicii is led till tiie l(>llowing 

 ppring, l)ut sometimes plougiied the end of au- 

 tumn ; 3, flax ; 4, millet. Another course, called 

 coltura maggcnga, — 1, break up the layer lor flax; 

 2, millet ; 3, niaize ; 4, wheat, the stubble of 

 which remains in spianata agostano. 



Cremonese. — 1, Wheat sown in October, and 

 reaped in June, the stubble ploughed thrice (or, 

 2, wheat, upon which sow clover the end of Feb- 

 ruary ; 3, clover, ploughed in November lor, 4, 

 flax, and then millet ; 5, maize; 6, wheat. 



Carpianese. — 1, Maize ; 2, wheat sown in the 

 epring with clover, wliich is mown with the stub- 

 ble, and remains spianata agostano : 3, clover ; 

 4, flax, and then millet; 5, rice; 6, rice; 7, rice. 



Venetian State. — Bergamo. — The land 

 ))ere is constantly cropped ; — 1, wheat ; 2, clover, 

 mown in the spring once, in time lor maize ; 8, 

 wheat; 4, clover. Also, — 1, clover or millet; 2, 

 maize ; 3, wheat. By which courses they have 

 halfor a third of their land in wheat every year. 



Brescia. — 1, "Wheat and 20 lb. of clover-seed 

 in March, per jugero, — the clover cut in August 

 with the wheat-stubble, and then pastured ; in 

 winter dunged ; — 2, clover called this year prato 

 grasso, cut thrice ; first in May, called il inag- 

 giatico second in August, called rostano ; third m 

 September, il navarolo : — 3, in March sow flax, 

 which is gathered in June ; then jjlough and sow 

 quarantino, amongst which, at the second hoeing, 

 pow lupines lor manure:— 4, plough in the lupines 

 and sow wheat in November, wliicb is reaped in 

 June; cut the stubble immediately, and sow 

 lupines or coleseed lor manure : — 5, plough in 

 October, and sow wheat mixed with rye; reaped 

 in June, and then sow part with quarentino and 

 part with panic :— 6, if a crop of coleseed is taken, 

 it is sown amongst the maize while growing, 

 which cole is ripe in spring, in time to clear the 

 ground for manuring and sowing the common 

 maize ; if cole not sown, remains lallow in winter 

 pnd sow melicn in spring, — the great millet. 



Verona. — Here, as in all other parts of Lom- 

 bardy, the land is never fallowed ; — 1, maize, 

 called grano turco:—2, wheat, and, when reaped, 

 millet, or cinquantino ; this is the quarinlino of 

 ihe Milanese :~3, barley or oats, and, when 

 reaped, some other second crop. Wheat is always 

 sown alter maize, and that after barley or oats. 

 No clover used here, except in rice-lands. In the 

 rice-grounds, — 1, wheal reaped time enough for 

 n crop of cinquantino ; 2, maize; 3, clover; 4, 

 rice.. &c. &c. Beans are also sown instead of 

 maize, and wheat alter them, and prepare (or 

 wheat much better. On the dry lands, such as 

 about the Lago di Guarda, &c. no clover, as the 

 land is not good enough. 



^0 Ficenza.—No fallow any where. There 



is a little clover, and very fine, but the quantity is 

 small : all wheat and maize, and scarcely any 

 ihinff else. 



Vicenza. — Wheat is always sown after clover, 

 and cinquantino after wheat; but nothing pre- 

 pares so well lor that crop as beans, so that they 

 are called the mother o( wheat, moc^re delta for- 

 mento. This idea, in Lombardy, is as old as 

 Gairo, who remarks, that wheat succeeds after 

 nothing better than beans, ivhich in grassano 

 maggiormcnie la terra, che non fa ogni altro le- 

 ginne* ; and this he refers to as a custom of the 

 Cremonese and the Maniuans. It is equally true 

 in England ; and such a combination of authority 

 ought to convince such as yet want conviction, of 

 the utility of beans as a preparation for wheal ; 

 more, perhaps, to be depended on than any other 

 preparation whatever. A common course near 

 this city, introduced as a variety, is, — 1, maize; 

 2, wheat and cinquantino. A farmer cultivated a 

 field, during some years, in this course, — 1, maize; 

 2, wheat ; 3, clover ; and to preclude the neces- 

 sity of dung, he used only the I'ffng-a (spade) : 

 (or five years his crops were good, bui afterwards 

 declined greatly, till he could not get even clover. 

 They sow wheal in October, and the clover-seed 

 over it in March, if there is rain ; ihe end of 

 June the wheat is cut ; the end of August the 

 clover is mown (or iiay; and another small crop 

 again in October; here is, therelore, within a 

 year, one crop of wheat and two of clover. The 

 grass is cut again in May, or beginning of the 

 lollowing June ; a second lime in August; and a 

 third growth jiloughed in (or wheat, which ia 

 usually a very great crop in this husbandry. 



Padua. — On all sorts of land, the most usual 

 husbandry is,— 1, dung lor maize; 2, wheat ; 3, 

 vvhea!, and then cinquantino or n)illel, &c. Clo- 

 ver is sown both in autumn and in spring ; if tiie 

 frost is not very severe, autumn is best, but spring 

 the most secure. It is cul once after the wheat is 

 reaped. 



}'enice. — Sig. Arduino assures me, there is no 

 fallow to be found in any part of the Venetian 

 territory; they have not even a word to express 

 the idea — Vanno di riposo, is a different thing, 

 and always means clover, or a state of rest, with- 

 out any tillage. 'J'liat gentleman's expression 

 pleased me much, — jLajackere e una sciocca pra- 

 tica in agricoltura. The two great points on which 

 the best agriculture of the Venetian state turns 

 are maize on clover, and wheat on beans. All 

 these plants are equally necessary upon a farm ; 

 and there is a pecuuarily in clover, as a prepara- 

 tion for maize, and equally in beans, as preparatory 

 for wheat. 



Bologna. — In a very rich field near this city, 

 which I viewed, the course has been, in 1787, 

 wheat, which produced 100 corbi, or twenty times 

 the seed. In 1788, hemp 5000 lb. In 1789, it is 

 now wheat, and perfectly clean. This course, 

 of — 1, hemp ; 2, wheat, is perhaps the most pro- 

 fitable in ihe world, — and brings to mind the noble 

 vale of the Garonne, under the same manage- 

 ment, if land will do for hemp, they never 

 fallow, but have some fields in the course, — 1, 

 fallow; 2. wheat, which ought to be considered as 

 a disgrace to Lombardy. 1, Maize ; 2, wheat, is 



• Le Venti Giornate dell'Agricpltma. Brescia, 1775. 

 4to p. 59. 



