TkKRs uF TH1-: NoKTiiERN Unitki) States* 47 



Finaccac. IMnc Family, 

 o. Picea Link. Spruce. 

 Kxergreeii trees witli I -angled leaves, all of al)out tlu- 

 same length, having the twigs covered with sterigma-hcaring 

 scales representing leaf hases. 



Conical trees with leaves spirally arranged and spreading 

 in all directions ; monecious ; staminate and carpcllate cones 

 often highly colored; carpellate cones pendulous. 



1. 'l^wigs and sterigmata gla1)rous : carpellate cones 

 cylindric. 2. 



1. Twigs pu1)escent. hrown ; carpellate cones ovoid or 



oval. H. 



2. Leaves usually i-l in. long; cari)ellale cones 2-*.-ti in. 



long". P. obics. 



2. Leaves usually not much over \ in. long : verx glau- 



cous ; carpellate cones 1-2 in. long. P. canadensis. 

 •?. Leaves not glaucous; cones deciduous at the end of 

 the first season. P. rubens. 



3. Leaves glaucous; cones persistent for two or more 



seasons. P. uiariana. 



1. Picca dbics (L.) Karst. Norway Spruce. A large 

 tree, conical in shape when young, with numerous stout spread- 

 ing and drooping branches.- Abundant in cultivation. Source 

 of Burgundy pitch. Native of Europe. 



2. Picea canadensis (Mill.) P>. S. P. White Spruce. 

 A slender tree sometimes with a strong skunk-like odor. 

 Leaves light green, slender. A-i' in. long, very acute. .\n 

 important timber tree with light, soft. weak, and straight- 

 grained wood. Xewf. to .\laska. siuith to Me.. Mich., and 

 S. Dak. 



•".. Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce. A >leniler tree 

 with spreading branches, and slender, sparingly pubescent 

 twigs. Wood soft, weak and pale reddish. Newf. to northern 

 X. V. and Minn.; along the Alleghanies to Va. and Ga. 



4. Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P. Black Spruce. A 

 tree with spreading branches and smooth or only slightly 

 roughened bark. Leaves not over n in. long, stout, green, 

 closely co\ering the twi'^s. W'ood light and straight-grained : 



