!'•-' Field Manual 



I. Mcst of tlie l)ranches with corky wing-like ridges; 



twigs glabrous or nearly so: leaves 1-8 iu. long. 



('. alala. 

 \. branches often with corky wing-like ridges; twigs 



puberiilent ; leaves 2-o in. long. U. flio»iasi. 



1. Ulmus americana I . White Klni. A large tree of 

 rapid growth, with tlie liark in thick, rough ridges; much 

 cultivated in cities and along roadsides. Trunks up to -V^ ft. 

 in circumference. Samara ovate-oval, its faces glabrous. 

 Wood heavy, hard, flexible, and very tough; used fcr wheel- 

 hubs, saddle-trees, rough cooperage and furniture, in l)oat and 

 ship building, in the construction of cars and wagons, and 

 especially for barrel hoops. Common on bluffs and on the 

 flood plains of rivers and creeks. Graceful in form and very 

 suitable for cultivation. Xewf. to Man., Fla. and Tex. 



■2. Ulmus thomasi Sarg. Cork Elm. A large tree 

 with puberulent yuun^- twigs, the branches or some of them 

 with corky wings. Samara oval, its margins densely ciliate. 

 Wot d harder, stronger, and more durable than that of the 

 White Elm. In rich soil. Quebec to Ont., Minn.. Ky., Neb. 

 and Mo. 



:j. Ulmus alata Mx. Winged Elm. A small tree, 

 branches usually with corky wing-like ridges; twigs glabrous 

 or nearl}- so. Samara oblong. ]nibescent on tlie faces. Wood 

 \er}- compact; used for wheel hul)s. In dry or moist soil. 

 X'a.'to I'la., Til.. .Mo. and Tex. 



4. { 'hints cainpcsfris L. linglish Elm. A tree, rather 

 ])yramidal in shape, the twigs ascending, not drooping except 

 in "'weeping'" forms. Samara not ciliate. nearly or {|uite 

 glal)rous. -A good timber tree. Cultivated, from luiro))e. 



•K Ulmus fulva Mx. Slippery Elm. .A medium-sized 

 tree witli rough grayish-brown fragrant bark and rough-pu- 

 bescent twigs. Samara oval-ori)icular. pubescent over the 

 seed. Inner bark mucilaginous and medicinal. Wcod liard 

 and strong but splitting easily when dry. .Along streams, on 

 llood plains and on hills. Quebec to X. Dak., Ma. and Tex 



ti. I 'hulls inontana With. Scotch Elm. A large tree 

 with spreading Itrnnches. or in some \arietits with strictl>' 



