!>l Field Manual 



Moniceae. Mulberry Family. 

 Subfamily, Moratac. 



')\. Morus (Tourn.) L. Mulberry. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, 2-ranked leaves 

 with two prominent side ribs from the base, with milky sa]). 

 and with glabrous or pubescent but not downy twigs. 



Flowers monosporangiate; fruit aggregate, berry-like. 



I. Leaves scabrous above, pubescent beneath. M. rubra. 

 I. Leaves smooth and glabrous on both sides, or nearly 

 so. M. alba. 



1. Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry. A >niall. niunc- 

 cious or diecious tree with rough gray bark, separating in 

 strips. Fruit dark purple-red, edible, delicious. Wood rather 

 heavy, hard, strong, and rather tough ; very durable in con- 

 tact with the ground, very valuable for posts ; used for farm 

 implements, in cooperage, "acid wood," and ship building. In 

 rich soil Vt. and Ont. to Mich., S. Dak., Fla. and Tex. 



2. Morus alba L. White Mulberry. A small rapid- 

 growing tree with rough light gray bark and spreading 

 branches. Fruit edible but usually rather insipid. Leaves 

 used for feeding silk-worms. Wood suitable for posts. Al- 

 though growing best in rich moist soil, it does well in quite 

 dry regions and should be much planted on the dry prairies, 

 especially, varieties with the better grade of berries. Intro- 

 duced from the old world. Me. and Ont., to Fla. and Kan. 



•Vi. Toxylon Raf. Osage-orange. 



Small trees with alternate simple entire leaves, typical 

 axillary thorns, and milky sap. 



Flowers diecious, the starrrinate racemose, the carpellate 

 capitate; fruit a large spherical, greenish or yellowing aggre- 

 gate. 



1 Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage-orange. A small 

 thorny tree much planted for hedges. Leaves ovate to ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate or taper-pointed. Wood very heavy, ex- 

 ceedingly hard, and strong, but not tough, brownish-yellow ; 

 valuable for fence posts and fire wood.- also for wagon 

 making. I he thorns produce painful wounds. I forses 



