!K; Imki.i. Mam'ai. 



1. Leaves green uii both sides; large trees. C. dcntata. 

 1. Leaves densely v^^hite-tomentose beneath ; shrubs or small 

 trees. C. puinilo. 



Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. A 

 large tree of very rapid growth with rough bark in longi- 

 tudinal ridges. Nut sweet and edible. Wood soft, light, and 

 coarse-grained, durable; used for cal)inet-work, railway ties, 

 posts, cooperage, "acid wood," and telegraph poles. Sprouts 

 freely from stumps. Li rich gravelly or sandy soil. Me. to 

 Mich.. Ga., and Ark. 



2. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. Chinquapin. A shrub 

 or small tree. Nut very sweet. Wood much like in C. dentata 

 but heavier. In dry soil. N. J. to Ind., Mo., Fla., and Tex. 



5n. Quercus (Tourn.) L. Oak. 



Trees or shrubs with simple alternate leaves, not 2- 

 ranked ; with 5-angled pith; buds clustered at the tip of the 

 twig; and with scattered bundle-scars. 



Flowers monecious, the staminate in slender aments ; fruit 

 a 1-seeded coriaceous nut (acorn) in an involucrate cup. 



Leaves not bristle-tipped: acorns maturing the first 



year. 2. 

 Leaves with bristle-tips ; acorns maturing in the autumn 



of the second year. 11. 

 Leaves crenate or dentate, not lobed. 3. 

 Leaves pinnatified or pinnately lobed. 7. 

 h^ruits not on a peduncle, nearly sessile, teeth or shallow 



lobes of the leaves acute. 4. 

 I'Vuits on a peduncle: teeth or shallow lol)es of the 



leaver rounded. 5. 

 Tall trees, leaves oblong, o1:)Ovatc or lanceolate. O. 



muhlenhergii. 

 Shrub or low tree, leaves ohovate or oval ; seed edible. 



Q, prirwides. 

 Peduncle as long or shorter than the petioles ; leaves 



gray-tomentulose beneath. G. 

 Peduncle much longer than the petioles : leaves white- 



tomentulose beneath. O. bicolor. 



