Trees of the Northern United States 101 



hybrid with Q. marylandica. Also hybridizes with Q. pahistris. 

 Pa. to Mich., Neb., Ga.. and Ark. 



^^4^ Quercus phellos L. Willow Oak. A tree with 

 slightly roughened, reddish 1)ro\vn bark. Leaves narrowly- 

 •oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire, very short petioled ; cup 

 saucer-shaped, nearly flat on the base ; acorn subglobose, 

 bitter. Wood poor. In moist woods. Hybridizes with Q. 

 ilicifolia and probably with Q. rubra, producing the form 

 known as Q. heterophylla. L. I. to Fla., Ky., Mo., and Tex. 



Black oaks. 



13. Quercus nigra L. Black Water Oak. A tree of 

 rapid growth with gray bark, rough in ridges. Leaves spatu- 

 late or obovate, 1-o-lobed at the apex or some of them entire 

 and rounded, sliort-petioled ; cup saucer-shaped, rounded at 

 the base, about ^t in. wide; acorn globcse-ovoid, 2-3 tinies 

 as high as the cup. Wood heavy, hard, and strong; used 

 for fuel. LTsually along streams and swamps. Del. to Ky., 

 Mo., Fla., and Tex. 



14. Quercus marilandica Muench. Black-jack (Oak). 

 Usually a small shrubby tree ; bark nearly black with very 

 rough ridges. Leaves obovate, 3-5 lobed toward the broad 

 usually nearly truncate apex, cuneate below, the lobes short, 

 stellate-pubescent above, brown-tomentose beneath when 

 young, mature leaves glabrous above; cup deep, about 4 in. 

 broad; acorn ovoid, 2-3 times as high as the cup. In dry 

 sterile soil. Hybridizes with Q. phellos and Q. ilicifolia. L. I. 

 to Minn., Neb., Fla., and Tex. 



Red oaks. 



15. Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Bear Oak. A siirub 

 01 small tree, often forming thickets. Leaves mostly obovate. 

 2-5 in. long, short petioled, grayish- white tomentulose be- 

 neath, 3-7-lobed, lobes triangular-ovate, acute ; cup saucer- 

 shaped, \-h in. broad, with a turbinate or rounded base; 

 acorn globose-ovoid, longer than the cup. In sandy or rocky 

 soil. Me. to Pa., Del., and in mountains to N. C. and Ky. 



16. Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe. Swamp Span- 

 ish Oak A tree with spreading branches and dark gray, 



ugh bark. Leaves oval or oblong, cuneate to truncate at 



rr 



