102 I'lKLi) Manual 



the hasc. 8-12 in. Ioiil;. decjily -Vl l-lohed, pcrsistenlly wliitc- 

 tcmeiitnhxse l)cncath, lobes narrowly Iriantiiilar, sprcadin;^ nr 

 scnnewhat ascenrlin.u, usnally entire: cnp sessile, shallow, 

 acorn globose, about j enclosed in tlie cnp. In wet or moist 

 soil. .Mass. to IHa., 111. Mr.., and Ark. 



17. Quercus triloba Mx. Spanish Oak. .\ tree i^row- 

 nig in dry soil. l,ea\es iilabrous above, gray-tonientulose 

 beneath, dee])ly pinnatilkl into .'3-7 linear or lanceolate lobes: 

 cnp saucer-shaped with a turbinate 1)ase, about -jt in. liroad : 

 acorn subglobose and depressed, about twice as liigh as 

 the cup. Wood very hard and strong; used for cooperage. 

 An important tanbark oak. X. J. to Fla., Ohio. Mo. and 

 Tex. 



18. Quercus velutina Lam. Quercitron Oak. A hirge 

 tree of rapid growth with very dark lirown l:)ark, rough in 

 ridges, and bright orange inner bark. Leaves firm, sometimes 

 lol)ed to l)eyond the middle, brown-puljescent or sometimes 

 stellate-pubescent when ycung. glabrous and shining when 

 mature, the lobes broad, oblong or triangular-lanceolate : cuj) 

 hemispheric or top-shaped, commonly narrowed into a short 

 stalk : acorn ovoid, as long or longer than the cup. The 

 inner bark (quercitron) yields a valuable dye; rich also in 

 tannin. Wood hard, heavy, and strong but not tough. Spar- 

 ingly self-prunes small twigs hy means of l^asal joints. Me. 

 to ]\Iinn., Fla., Neb. and Tex. 



19. Quercus borealis ]\Lx. f. Gray Oak. A large tree 

 with leaves like those of Q. rubra and acorns like those of 

 Q. c'occinca. Leaves 7-13 lobed to tlfe middle or somewhat 

 lieyond: cu]) turl)inate. peduncled : ac(<rn ovoid. 1-2 times as 

 Icng as the cup. Quebec to Ont., X. Y.. and Penn. 



2ii. Quercus coccinea Wang. Scarlet Oak. A tree 

 w itli pale reddish or gray inner l)ark. Leaves deepl\ pin- 

 natitid. glabrous, bright green above. ])aler beneath, 4-8 in. 

 long ; cup hemispheric or top shaped, acorn ovoid, about 

 twice as long as the cup. Autumn leaves red. Tn dry soil. 

 ^^H. to Minn., Mo. and X. Car. 



2^ Quercus rubra L. , Red (Jak. .\ large tree witli 

 oark gray bark, somewhat roughened. Leaves oval or some- 

 what ol)0\ate. 1-8 in. long, dull green abo\-e. paler beneath. 

 li)bes triangular-lanceolate, tapering from a l)road base to an 

 acuminate a])ex : c\\\) saucer-shai)ed, its l)ase (lat or sliglitly 



