12 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGBJ 



CHAPTER XXXII. THE VASOMOTOR NERVES AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGI- 

 CAL ACTIVITY 531 



Historical, 531. Methods Used to Determine Vasomotor Action, 532. The 

 Plethysmograph, 533. General Distribution and Course of the Vasocon- 

 strictor Nerve Fibers, 535. Tonic Activity of the Vasoconstrictors, 538. 

 The Vasoconstrictor Center, 539. Vasoconstrictor Reflexes, Pressor and 

 Depressor Fibers, 540. Depressor Nerve of the Heart, 543. Vasoconstrictor 

 Centers in the Spinal Cord, 543. Rhythmical Activity of the Vasocon- 

 strictor Center, 544. Course and Distribution of the Dilator Fibers, 545. 

 General Properties of Vasodilator Fibers, 545. Vasodilator Center and 

 Reflexes, 546. Vasodilatation Due to Antidromic Impulses, 548. 



CHAPTER XXXIII. THE VASOMOTOR SUPPLY OF THE DIFFERENT 



ORGANS 550 



Vasomotors of the Heart, 550. Vasomotors of the Pulmonary Arteries, 

 551. Circulation in the Brain and Its Regulation, 552. Arterial Supply, 

 552. Venous Supply, 553. The Meninsjeal Spaces, 554. Intracranial Pres- 

 sure, 556. Effect of Changes in Arterial Pressure upon the Blood-flow Through 

 the Brain, 557. The Regulation of the Brain Circulation, 559. Vasomotor 

 Nerves of the Head Region, 561. Of the Trunk and the Limbs, 562. Of 

 the Abdominal Organs, 562. Of the Genital Organs, 562. Of the Skeletal 

 Muscles, 563. The Vasomotor Nerves to the Veins, 564. The Circulation 

 of the Lymph, 564. 



SECTION VI. 



PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. HISTORICAL STATEMENT. THE ORGANS OF EX- 

 TERNAL RESPIRATION AND THE RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS. . 566 



Historical, 566. Anatomy of Organs of Respiration, 570. Thorax as a 

 Closed Cavity, 571. Normal Position of the Thorax, 571. Inspiration by 

 Contraction of the Diaphragm, 572. Inspiration by Elevation of the Ribs, 

 573. The Muscles of Inspiration, 574. Muscles of Expiration, 574. Quiet 

 and Forced Respiratory Movements, Eupnea and Dyspnea, 575. Costal and 

 Abdominal Types of Respiration, 576. Accessory Respiratory Movements, 

 577. Registration of the Respiratory Movements, 577. Volumes of Air 

 Respired, Vital Capacity, Tidal Air, Complemental Air, Supplemental Air, 

 Residual Air, Minimal Air, 579. Size of the Bronchial Tree, 581. Arti- 

 ficial Respiration, 581. 



CHAPTER XXXV. THE PRESSURE CONDITIONS IN THE LUNGS AND 



THORAX AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON THE CIRCULATION. . . 583 



The Intrapulmonic Pressure and Its Variations, 583. Intrathoracic Pressure, 

 584. Variations of, with Forced and Unusual Respirations, 585. Origin of 

 the Negative Pressure in the Thorax, 586. Pneumothorax, 587. Respiratory 

 Action of the Thorax, 587. Respiratory Waves of Blood-pressure, 588. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES IN THE 



AIR AND THE BLOOD CAUSED BY RESPIRATION . . . . i 592 



The Inspired and Expired Air, 592. Physical Changes in the Expired Air, 

 592. Injurious Action of Expired Air, 593. Ventilation, 595. The Gases 

 of the Blood, 596. The Pressure of Gases, 599. Absorption of Gases in 

 Liquids, 599. The Tension of Gases in Solution, 601. The Condition of 

 Nitrogen in the Blood, 602. Condition of Oxygen in the Blood, 603. Con- 

 dition of Carbon Dioxid in the Blood, 604. The Physical Theory of Respira- 

 tion, 606. Gaseous Exchanges in the Lungs, 606. Exchange of Gases in 

 the Tissues, 608. Secretory Activity of Lungs, 608. 



CHAPTER XXXVII. INNERVATION OF THE RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS. 610 



The Respiratory Center, 610. Spinal Respiratory Centers, 611. Automatic 

 Activity of the Respiratory Center, 612. Reflex Stimulation of the Center, 

 612. Afferent Relations of the Vagus to the Center, 614. The Inspiratory 

 and Inhibitory Fibers of the Vagus, 616. Respiratory Reflexes from the 

 Larynx, Pharynx, and Nose, 617. Voluntary Control of the Respiratory 

 Movements, 618. Nature of the Respiratory Center, 618. Respiratory Cen- 

 ters in the Midbrain, 619. Automatic Stimulus to the Respiratory Center, 

 619. Cause of the First Respiratory Movements, 621. Dyspnea, Hyperpnea 

 and Apnea, 622. Innervation of the Bronchial Musculature, 625. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS CONDITIONS UPON 



THE RESPIRATION 627 



Effect of Muscular Work on the Respiratory Movements, 627. Effect of 

 Variations in the Composition of the Air, 627. High and Low Barometric 

 Pressures, Mountain Sickness, Caisson Disease, 629. The Respiratory Quo- 

 tient and Its Variations, 631. Modified Respiratory Movements, 632. 



