TABLE OF CONTENTS. 13 



SECTION VII. 



PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION AND SECRETION. 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XXXIX. MOVEMENTS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL 634 



Mastication, 634. Deglutition, 634. Nervous Control of Deglutition, 638. 

 Anatomy of the Stomach, 639. Musculature of the Stomach, 640. Move- 

 ments of the Stomach, 640. Effect of the Nerves on the M9vements of the 

 Stomach, 643. Movements of the Intestines, 644. Peristaltic and Pendular 

 Movements of the Intestines, 646. Nervous Control of the Intestinal Move- 

 ments, 647. Effect of Various Conditions on the Intestinal Movements, 648. 

 Movements of the Large Intestines, 648. Defecation, 650. Vomiting, 651. 

 Nervous Mechanism of Vomiting, 652. 



CHAPTER XL. GENERAL CONSIDERATION UPON THE COMPOSITION OF 



THE FOOD AND THE ACTION OF ENZYMES 654 



Foods and Foodstuffs, 654. Accessory Articles of Diet, 656. Enzymes, 

 Historical, 657. Reversible Reactions, 659. Specificity of Enzymes, 661. 

 Definition and Classification of Enzymes, 661. General Properties of En- 

 zymes, 663. Partial List of Enzymes, 664. Chemical Composition of the 

 Enzymes, 664. 



CHAPTER XLI. THE SALIVARY GLANDS AND THEIR DIGESTIVE ACTION. 666 



Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, 666. Histological Structure, 668. Com- 

 position of the Secretion, 669. The Secretory Nerves, 670. Trophic and 

 Secretory Nerve Fibers, 672. Histological Changes during Activity, 674. 

 Action of Drugs Upon the Secretory Nerves, 676. Paralytic Secretion, 677. 

 Normal Mechanism of Salivary Secretion, 678. Electrical Changes in Glands, 

 679. Digestive Action of Saliva; Ptyalin, 679. Conditions Influencing 

 the Action of Ptyalin, 681. Functions of the Saliva, 681. 



CHAPTER XLII. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION IN THE STOMACH 683 



Structure of the Gastric Glands, 683. Histological Changes during Secretion, 

 684. Method of Obtaining the Gastric Secretion and Its Normal Composition, 

 685. The Acid of Gastric Juice, 687. Origin of the HC1, 687. Secretory 

 Nerves of the Gastric Glands, 688. Normal Mechanism of the Secretipn of 

 the Gastric Juice, 689. Nature and Properties of Pepsin, 691. Artificial 

 Gastric Juice, 692. Pepsin-hydrochloric Digestion, 693. The Rennin En- 

 zyme, 695. Digestive Changes in the Stomach, 696. Absorption in the 

 Stomach, 699. 



CHAPTER XLIII. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION IN THE INTESTINES.. 700 



Structure of the Pancreas, 700. Composition of the Secretion, 701. Secre- 

 tory Nerve Fibers to the Pancreas, 701. The Curve of Secretion, 702. Nor- 

 mal Mechanism of Pancreatic Secretion, 703. Secretin, 703. Enterokinase, 

 704. Digestive Action of Pancreatic Juice, 705. Significance of Tryptio 

 Digestion, 707. Action of the Diastatic Enzyme (Amylopsin), 708. Action 

 of the Lipolytic Enzyme (Lipase, Steapsin), 709. The Intestinal Secretion 

 (Succus Entericus), 710. Absorption in the Small Intestine, 712. Absorp- 

 tion of Carbohydrates, 713. Absorption of Fats, 714. Absorption of Pro- 

 teids, 716. Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine, 717. Bacterial 

 Action in the Small Intestine, 718. Bacterial Action in the Large Intestine, 

 719. Physiological Importance of Intestinal Putrefaction, 719. Composi- 

 tion of the Feces, 720. 



CHAPTER XLIV. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER AND SPLEEN 722 



Structure of the Liver, 722. Composition of Bile, 722. The Bile Pigments, 

 724. The Bile Acids, 725. Cholesterin, 726. Lecithin, Fats, and Nucleo- 

 albumins, 727. Secretion of the Bile, 727. Ejection of the Bile Function of 

 the Gall-bladder, 728. Occlusion of the Bile-ducts, 730. Physiological Im- 

 portance of Bile, 730. Occurrence of Glycogen, 731. Origin of Glycogen, 

 732. Function of Glycogen, Glycogenic Theory, 734. Glycogen in the 

 Muscles and Other Tissues, 736. Conditions Affecting the Supply of Glyco- 

 gen, 736. Formation of Urea in the Liver, 737. Physiology of the Spleen, 738. 



CHAPTER XLV. THE KIDNEY AND SKIN AS EXCRETORY ORGANS .... 741 



Structure of the Kidney, 741. The Secretion of Urine, 742. Function of 

 the Glomerulus, 744. Function of the Convoluted Tubule, 746. Action of 

 Diuretics, 748. The Blood-flow Through the Kidneys, 749. The Composi- 

 tion of Urine, 751. The Nitrogenous Excreta in the Urine, 752. Origin and 

 Significance of Urea, 753. Origin and Significance of the Purin Bodies (Uric 

 Acid, Xanthin, Hypoxanthin), 756. Origin and Significance of the Creatinin, 

 758. Hippuric Acid, 759. The Conjugated Sulphates and the Sulphur Ex- 

 cretion, 759. Secretion of the Water and Inorganic Salts, 760. Micturition, 

 761. Contractions of the Bladder, 762. Nervous Mechanism of Micturition, 

 765. Excretory Functions of the Skin, 766. Composition of Sweat, 766. 

 Secretory Fibers of Sweat Glands, 767. Sweat Centers, 769. Sebaceous 

 Secretion, 769. Excretion of Carbon Dioxid Through the Skin, 770. 



