8 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER V. THE NATURE OF THE NERVE IMPULSE AND THE NUTRI- 

 TIVE RELATIONS OF NERVE FIBER AND NERVE CELL 104 



Historical, 104. Velocity of the Nerve Impulse, 105. Relation of the Nerve 

 Impulse to the Wave of Negativity, 107. Direction of Conduction in the 

 Nerve, 107. Effect of Various Influences on the Nerve Impulse, 109. The 

 Fatigue of Nerve Fibers, 110. The Metabolism of the Nerve Fiber during 

 Functional Activity, 112. Theories of the Nerve Impulse, 113. Qualitative 

 Differences in Nerve Impulses, 115. Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, 

 116. Nutritive Relations of Nerve Fibers and Nerve Cells, 116. Nerve De- 

 generation and Regeneration, 118. Degenerative Changes in the Central End 

 of the Neuron, 120. 



SECTION II. 

 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



CHAPTER VI. STRUCTURE AND GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE NERVE 



CELL 122 



The Neuron Doctrine, 122. The Varieties of Neurons, 124. Internal Struc- 

 ture of the Nerve Cell, 126. General Physiology of the Nerve Cell, 128. 

 Summation of Stimuli in Nerve Cells, 130. Response of the Nerve Cell to 

 Varying Rates of Stimulation, 131. The Refractory Period of the Nerve Cell, 

 132. 



CHAPTER VII. REFLEX ACTIONS 133 



Definition and Historical, 133. The Reflex Arc, 133. The Reflex Frog, 135. 

 Spinal Reflex Movements, 135. Theory of Co-ordinated Reflexes, 137. Spinal 

 Reflexes in Mammals, 138. Dependence of Co-ordinated Reflexes upon the 

 Excitation of the Sensory Endings, 138. Reflex Time, 139. Inhibition of 

 Reflexes, 139. Influence of the Condition of the Cord on its Reflex Activities, 

 141. Reflexes from Other P.arts of the Nervous System, 142. Reflexes 

 Through Peripheral Ganglia, Axon Reflexes, 142. The Tonic Activity of the 

 Spinal Cord, 144. Effects of Removal of the Spinal Cord, 144. Knee-jerk, 

 146. Reinforcement of the Knee-jerk, 146. Is the Knee-jerk a Reflex Act? 

 148. Conditions Influencing the Extent of the Knee-jerk, 149. The Knee- 

 jerk and Spinal Reflexes as Diagnostic Signs, 150. Location of the Centers 

 for the Different Spinal Reflexes, 151. 



CHAPTER VIII. THE SPINAL CORD AS A PATH OF CONDUCTION 154 



Arrangement and Classification of the Nerve Cells in the Cord, 154. Gen- 

 eral Relati9ns of the Gray and White Matter in the Cord, 156. The Methods 

 of Determining the Tracts of the Cord, 156. General Classification of the 

 Tracts of the Cord, 157. The Names and Locations of the Long Tracts, 159. 

 The Termination in the Cord of the Fibers of the Posterior Root, 160. 

 Ascending or Afferent Paths in the Posterior Columns, 161. Ascending or 

 Afferent Paths in the Lateral Columns, 164. The Spinal Paths for the Cutane- 

 ous Senses (Touch, Pain, Temperature), 165. The Homolateral or Contra- 

 lateral Conduction of the Cutaneous Impulses, 166. The Descending or Ef- 

 ferent Paths in the Anterolateral Columns (Pyramidal System), 167. Less 

 Well-known Tracts in the Cord, 169. 



CHAPTER IX. THE GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CEREBRUM AND ITS 



MOTOR FUNCTIONS 171 



The Histology of the Cortex, 172. The Classification of the Systems of Fibers 

 in the Cerebrum (Projection, Association, and Commissural), 173. Physio- 

 logical Deductions from the Histology of the Cortex, 175. Extirpation of 

 the Cerebrum, 178. Localization of Functions in the Cerebrum, Historical, 

 179. The Motor Areas of the Cortex, 183. Differences in Paralysis from 

 Injury to the Spinal Neuron and the Pyramidal Neuron, 185. Voluntary 

 Motor Paths Other than the Pyramidal Tract, 185. The Crossed Control of 

 the Muscles and Bilateral Motor Representation in the Cortex, 186. Are the 

 Motor Areas Exclusively Motor? 186. 



CHAPTER X. THE SENSE AREAS AND THE ASSOCIATION AREAS IN THE 



CORTEX 188 



The Body-sense Area, 188. The Course of the Fillet, 190. The Center for 

 Vision, 192. Histological Evidence of the Course of the Optic Fibers, 193. 

 The Decussation in the Chiasma, 195. The Projection of the Retina on the 

 Occipital Cortex, 195. The Function of the Lower Visual Centers, 197. 

 The Auditory Center, 198. Course of the Cochlear Nerve, 199. The Physio- 

 logical Significance of the Lower Auditory Centers, 201. Motor Responses 

 from the Auditory Cortex, 202. The Olfactory Center, 202. The Olfactory 

 Bulb and its Connections. 202. The Cortical Center for Smell, 204. The 

 Cortical Center for Taste, 204. Aphasia, 204. Sensory Aphasia, 206. The 

 Association Areas, 207. Subdivision of the Association Areas, 209. The 

 Development of the Cortlca Areas, 210. Physiology of the Corpus Callosum, 

 213. Physiology of the Corpora Striata and Optic Thalami, 214. 



