TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



SECTION I. 

 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE. 



PA3B 



CHAPTER I. THE PHENOMENON OF CONTRACTION 17 



The Histological Structure of the Muscle Fiber, 18. Its Appearance by 

 Polarized Light, 19. The Extensibility and Elasticity of Muscular Tissue, 

 19. The Independent Irritability of Muscle, 22. Definition and Enumera- 

 tion of Artificial Stimuli, 23. The Duration of the Simple Muscle Contrac- 

 tion, 25. The Curve of a Simple Muscle Contraction, 25. The Latent Pe- 

 riod, 26. The Phases of Shortening and Relaxation, 26. Isotonic and Iso- 

 metric Contractions, 27. Maximal and Submaximal Contractions, 27. 

 Effect of Temperature upon the Simple Contraction, 28. Effect of Veratrin 

 on the Simple Contraction, 30. Contracture, 32. Fatigue, the Treppe, and 

 Effect of Rapidly Repeated Stimulation, 33. The Wave of Contraction and 

 Means of Measuring, 33 Idiomuscular Contractions, 34. The Energy Liber- 

 ated During a Muscular Contraction, 34. The Proportional Amount of this 

 Energy Utilized in Work, 35. The Curve of Work and the Absolute Power 

 of a Muscle, 36. Definition of Tetanus or Compound Contraction, 39. The 

 Summation of Contractions, 39. Discontinuity of the Processes 9f Contraction 

 in Tetanus, 41. The Muscle-tone, 41. The Rate of Stimulation Necessary 

 for Complete Tetanus, 42. The Tetanic Nature of Voluntary Contractions, 

 43. The Ergograph, 45. Results of Ergographic Experiments, 47. Sense 

 of Fatigue, 47. Muscle Tonus, 47. Rigor Mortis and Rigor Caloris, 49. 

 The Occurrence and Structure of Plain Muscle Tissue, 52. Distinctive Prop- 

 erties of Plain Muscle, 52. The General Properties of Cardiac Muscular Tis- 

 sue, 54. The Contractility of Cilia and Their General Properties, 54. 



CHAPTER II. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE AND THE CHEMI- 

 CAL CHANGES OF CONTRACTION AND OF RIGOR MORTIS 57 



The Composition of Muscle Plasma, 57. The Proteids of Muscle, 58. The 

 Carbohydrates of Muscle, 58. Phosphocarnic Acid, 60. Lactic Acid in 

 Muscle, 60. The Nitrogenous Extractives of Muscle, 61. Pigments of Mus- 

 cle, 61. Enzymes of Muscle, 61. Inorganic Constituents of Muscle, 62. 

 The Chemical Changes in Muscle during Contraction, 62. The Chemical 

 Changes during Rigor Mortis, 66. The Relation of the Waste Products to 

 Fatigue, the Chemical Theory of Fatigue, 66. Theories of the Mechanism of 

 the Contraction of Muscle, 68. 



CHAPTER III. THE PHENOMENON OF CONDUCTION. PROPERTIES OF 



THE NERVE FIBER 72 



General Statement Regarding Property of Conductivity, 72. Structure of 

 the Nerve Fibre, 73. Function of the Myelin Sheath, 73. The Nerve Trunk 

 an Anatomical Unit Only, 74. Definition of Afferent and Efferent Nerve 

 Fibers, 75. Classification of Nerve Fibers, 75. The Bell-Magendie Law of 

 the Composition of the Anterior and the Posterior Roots of the Spinal Nerves, 

 77. Cells of Origin of the Anterior and Posterior Root Fibers, 78. Origin 

 of the Afferent and Efferent Fibers in the Cranial Nerves, 79. Independent 

 Irritability of Nerve Fibers, Artificial Nerve Stimuli, 80. Du Bois-Reymond's 

 Law of Stimulation by the Galvanic Current. 82. Electrotonus, 83. Pfliiger's 

 Law of Stimulation, 84. The Opening and the Closing Tetanus, 86. Mode 

 of Stimulating Nerves in Man, 86. Motor Points of Muscles, 88. Physical 

 and Physiological Poles, 89. 



CHAPTER IV. THE ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA SHOWN BY NERVE AND 



MUSCLE 91 



The Demarcation Current, 91. Construction of the Galvanometer, 92. Con- 

 struction of the Capillary Electrometer, 94. Non-polarizable Electrodes, 95. 

 Action Current or Negative Variation, 96. Monophasic and Diphasic Action 

 Currents, 98. The Rheoscopic Frog Preparation, 99. Relation of Action 

 Current to the Contraction Wave and Nerve Impulse, 100. The Electrotonic 

 Currents, 101. The Core-model, 102. 



