398 



BLOOD AND LYMPH. 



oxy hemoglobin and gives two bands instead of one when exam- 

 ined through the spectroscope. Any given solution may be changed 

 in this way from oxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin, and the reverse, a 

 great number of times, thus demonstrating the facility with which 

 hemoglobin takes up and surrenders oxygen. 



Solutions of carbon monoxid hemoglobin also give a spec- 

 trum with two absorption bands closely resembling in posi- 

 tion and appearance those of oxyhemoglobin. They are dis- 

 tinguished from the 

 oxyhemoglobin bands 

 by being slightly 

 nearer the blue end 

 of the spectrum, as 

 may be demonstrated 

 by observing the wave 

 lengths or, more con- 

 veniently, by super- 

 posing the two spectra. 

 Moreover, solutions of 

 carbon monoxid hem- 

 oglobin are not re- 

 duced to hemoglobin 

 by adding Stokes's 

 liquid, two bands be- 

 ing still seen after such 

 treatment. A solu- 

 tion of carbon mon- 

 oxid hemoglobin suit- 

 able for spectroscopic 

 examination may be 

 prepared easily by 



0,4 



0.3 



0,2 



jD.I 



0. 



aBC D 



Fig. 172. Diagram to show the variations in the ab- 

 sorption spectrum of reduced hemoglobin with vary- 

 ing concentrations of the solution (after Rolletf). The 

 numbers to the right give the strength of the hemo- 

 globin solution in percentages; the letters give the posi- 

 tions of the Fraunhofer lines. For further directions 

 as to the use of the diagram, see the description of Fig. 



passing ordinary coal- 

 gas through a dilute oxyhemoglobin solution for a few minutes 

 and then filtering. 



Derivative Compounds of Hemoglobin. There are a number 

 of pigmentary bodies which are formed directly from hemoglobin 

 by decompositions or chemical reactions of various kinds. Some 

 of these derivative substances occur normally in the body. The 

 best known are as follows * : 



Methemoglobin. When blood or a solution of oxyhemoglobin 

 is allowed to stand for a long time exposed to the air it undergoes 



* For more detailed information concerning the chemistry and literature 

 of these compounds see Hammarsten, "Physiological Chemistry," translated 

 by Mandel, fourth edition, 1904; Cohnheim, "Chemie der Eiweisskorper," 

 second edition, 1904. 



