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TEXT-BOOK OF ZOOLOGY 



weather the caterpillar creeps under moss for the purpose of hibernating. 

 In spring it reascends the trunks of the pine-trees in order to feast on 

 the pine-needles. It is then that the forester bars its -progress by 

 smearing the trees with rings of tar or glue, to which the caterpillars 

 adhere and perish. 



The Black Arsche (Ocneria monacha) is an equally destructive forest 



PROCESSIONAL MOTH (On. 

 'onea). 



W., Female; M., male; K, 

 nest ; R. P. , caterpillars in 

 processional order. 



pest. The larva spins its cocoon 

 in the crevices of the bark as in a 

 monk's cell, whence the specific 

 name. Its favourite food consists 

 of pine-needles ; it does not, however, despise leaves. 

 The moth is whitish-gray, the fore-wings marked with 

 black zigzag lines. The abdomen is red, and covered 

 during rest by the hind-wings. 



On the stems of foliage trees on the Continent are frequently observed 

 peculiar structures resembling pieces of sponge. These are the egg- 

 clusters of another moth injurious to trees, called the Gipsy (Ocneria 

 dispar). This species is almost, if not quite, extinct in Britain. It was 



