CONTENTS. xxvii 



PAGE 



405. The characters of the dormant mammary gland . . . .611 



406. The connective-tissue of the mammary gland 612 



407. The nature of milk ; its constituents ; their relative quantities in 



different animals . . . 612 



408. Colostrum, its chemical and microscopical characters . . . 614 



409. The mammary gland at birth 615 



410. The nature of the act of secretion of milk 615 



411. The secretion of milk typical of metabolism in general . . . 616 



412. The relations of the gland to the nervous system .... 618 



CHAPTER V. 

 NUTRITION. 



SECTION I. 

 THE STATISTICS OF NUTRITION. 



413. The composition of the animal body 619 



414. The composition of the starving body and the general phenomena 



of starvation 620 



Comparison of Income and Output of Material. 



415. The method of determining the income and output. The respira- 

 tion chamber. The calculation of changes in the body based 



on a comparison of the income and output 622 



416. Nitrogenous metabolism. ' Tissue ' proteids and ' floating ' proteids. 



Luxus consumption 625 



417. The effects of fatty and carbohydrate food 627 



418. The effects of gelatin as food . 629 



419. Peptone as food ... 629 



420. The effects of salts as food 630 



SECTION II. 

 THE ENERGY OF THE BODY. 



The Income of Energy. 



421. The available potential energy of the several food-stuffs and of an 



ordinary diet 632 



The Expenditure of Energy. 



422. The daily expenditure as heat and as work done. Calorimeters . 634 

 423. The energy of mechanical work does not arise exclusively from 



proteid metabolism ; urea and muscular exercise . . . 636 



Animal Heat. 



424. The sources and distribution of heat ; the muscles the chief source 638 

 425. The temperature of the body ; cold-blooded and warm-blooded 



animals . . 640 



