viii CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Influence of exercise etc., upon the heat of the body Influence of the nervous system upon the 

 production of animal heat (heat-centres) Mechanism of the production of animal heat Equaliza- 

 tion of the animal temperature Relations of heat to force 426 



CHAPTER XV. 



MOVEMENTS VOICE AND SPEECH. 



Amorphous contractile substance and amoeboid movements Ciliary movements Movements due to 

 elasticity Elastic tissue Muscular movements Physiological anatomy of the involuntary muscu- 

 lar tissue Contraction of the involuntary muscular tissue Physiological anatomy of the voluntary 

 muscular tissue Connective tissue Connection of the muscles with the tendons Chemical com- 

 position of the muscles Physiological properties of the muscles Muscular contractility, or excita- 

 bility Muscular contraction Electric phenomena in muscles Muscular effort Passive organs of 

 locomotion Physiological anatomy of the bones Physiological anatomy of cartilage Voice and 

 speech Sketch of the physiological anatomy of the vocal organs Mechanism of the production of 

 the voice Laryngeal mechanism of the vocal registers Mechanism of speech The phonograph . 460 



CHAPTER XVI. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVISIONS, STRUCTURE AND GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE 



NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



Divisions and structure of the nervous tissue Medullated nerve-fibres Simple, or non-mednllated 

 nerve-fibres Gelatinous nerve-fibres (fibres of Remak) Accessory anatomical elements of the 

 nerves Termination of the nerves in the muscular tissue Termination of the nerves in glands 

 Modes of termination of the sensory nerves Corpuscles of Vater, or of Pacini Tactile corpuscles 

 End-bulbs Structure of the nerve-centres- Nerve-cells Connection of the cells with the fibres 

 and with each other Accessory anatomical elements of the nerve-centres Composition of the 

 nervous substance Degeneration and regeneration of the nerves Motor and sensory nerves Mode 

 of action of the motor nerves Associated movements Mode of action of the sensory nerves- 

 Physiological differences between motor and sensory nerve-fibres Nervous excitability Different 

 means employed for exciting the nerves Rapidity of nervous conduction Personal equation 

 Action of electricity upon the nerves Law of contraction Induced muscular contraction Electro- 

 tonus, anelectrotonus and catelectrotonus Negative variation 50E 



CHAPTER XVII. 



SPINAL AND CRANIAL NERVES. 



Spinal nerves Cranial nerves Anatomical classification Physiological classification Motor oculi 

 communis (third nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and uses Influence upon the move- 

 ments of the iris Patheticus, or trochlearis (fourth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and 

 uses Motor oculi externus, or abducens (sixth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and uses 

 Nerve of mastication' (the small, or motor root of the fifth) Physiological anatomy Properties 

 and uses Facial, or nerve of expression (seventh nerve) Physiological Anatomy Intermediary 

 nerve of Wrisberg Alternate paralysis General properties Uses of the chorda tympani Influence 

 of various branches of the facial upon the movements of the palate and uvula Spinal accessory 

 (eleventh nerve) Physiological anatomy Uses of the internal branch from the spinal accessory to 

 the pneumogastric Influence of the spinal accessory upon the heart Uses of the external, or mus- 

 cular branch of the spinal accessory Sublingual, or hypoglossal (twelfth nerve) Physiological 

 anatomy Properties and uses Trifacial, or trigeminal (fifth nerve) Physiological anatomy Prop- 

 erties and uses Pneumogastric (tenth nerve) Physiological anatomy Properties and uses Gen- 

 eral properties of the roots Properties and uses of the auricular nerves Properties and uses of the 

 pharyngeal nerves Properties and uses of the superior laryngeal nerves Properties and uses of the 

 inferior, or recurrent laryngeal nerves Properties and uses of the cardiac nerves Depressor nerve 

 of the circulation Properties and uses of the pulmonary nerves Properties and uses of the ceso- 

 phageal nerves Properties and uses of the abdominal nerves 53!) 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



THE SPINAL CORD. 



General arrangement of the cerebro-epinal axis Membranes of the encephalon and spinal cord Cephalo- 

 rachidian fluid Physiological anatomy of the spinal cord Columns of the cord Direction of the 

 nerve-fibres in the cord General properties of the spinal cord Motor paths in the cord Sensory 



