574 



NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



In the aquseductus Fallopii, the facial nerve gives off a filament of com- 

 munication to the pneumogastric, at the ganglion of the root. This filament, 



joined at the ganglion by sensory fila- 

 ments from the pneumogastric and 

 some filaments from the glosso-pha- 

 ryngeal, is called the auricular branch 

 of Arnold. By some anatomists it is 

 regarded as a branch from the facial, 

 and by others it is described with the 

 pneumogastric. 



Two or three small filaments of 

 communication pass from the sublin- 

 gual to the ganglion of the trunk of 

 the pneumogastric. 



At the ganglion of the trunk, the 

 pneumogastric generally receives fila- 

 ments of communication from the ar- 

 cade formed by the anterior branches 

 of the first two cervical nerves. These, 

 however, are not constant. 



The pneumogastric is connected 

 with the sympathetic system by a num- 

 ber of filaments of communication from 



FIG. 214. Anastomoses of the pneumogastric 



(Hirschfeld). 



1, facial nerve ; 2, glosso-pharyngeal nerve ; 

 anastomoses of the glosso-pharyngeal wit 

 the facial ; 3, 3, pneumogastric, with its two 

 ganglia ; 4, 4, spinal accessory ; 5, sublingual 

 nerve ; 6, superior cervical ganglion of the 

 sympathetic ; 7, anastomotic arcade of the 

 first two cervical nerves ; 8, carotid branch 



ganglia ; 4, 4, spinal accessory ; 5, sublingual the SUpeiioi Cervical ganglion, passing 1 



nerve ; 6, superior cervical ganglion of the 



sympathetic ; 7, anastomotic arcade of the in part Upward toward the ganglion 



first two cervical nerves; 8, carotid branch 



of the superior cervical ganglion of the sym- of the root of the pneumOgastriC, and 



pathetic ; 9, nerve of Jacobson ; 10, branches . 



of this nerve to the sympathetic ; ii, branch in part transversely and downward. 



to the Eustachian tube ; 12, branch to the 



fenestra ovaiis ; is, branch to the fenestra These filaments frequently are short, 



rotunda ; 14, external deep petrous nerve ; , . , . , 

 15, internal deep petrous nerve ; 16, otic gan- and they bind the Sympathetic gan- 

 glion ; 17, a uricular branch of the pneumo- ,. ., , ., 7 

 gastric ; 18, anastomosis of the pneumogas- gllOn to the trunk 01 the nerve. The 

 trie with the spinal accessory ; 19, anastomo- . , , ! . . 



sis of the pneumogastric with the sublingual; main trunk of the pneumogastric and 



20, anastomosis of the spinal accessory with 

 the second pair of cervical nerves ; 21, pha- 

 ryngeal plexus ; 22, superior laryngeal nerve. 



its branches receive a few filaments 

 of communication from the middle 

 and inferior cervical and the upper dorsal ganglia of the sympathetic. 



The pneumogastric frequently sends a slender filament to the glosso- 

 pharyngeal nerve, at or near the ganglion of Andersch. Branches from the 

 pneumogastric join branches from the glosso-pharyngeal, the spinal accessory 

 and the sympathetic, to form the pharyngeal plexus. 



Distribution. Although the pneumogastric nerves upon the two sides do 

 not present any important differences in the destination of their filaments, 

 as far down as the diaphragm, the distribution of the abdominal branches is 

 not the same. The most important branches are the following : 



1. Auricular. 



2. Pharyngeal. 



3. Superior laryngeal. 



4 Inferior, or recurrent laryngeal. 



5. Cardiac, cervical and thoracic. 



6. Pulmonary, anterior and posterior. 



7. (Esophageal. 



8. Abdominal. 



