866 



INDEX. 



Quadrilateral canal of the cochlea 759 



Quickening 813 



Ranvier, nodes of 508 



Reaction-time 620 



Receptaculum chyli , 273 



Rectum, physiological anatomy of 258, 261 



-. sphincter of 269 



development of 823 



Recurrent sensibility 523 



Reflex action, time occupied by 529 



definition of 598 



of the spinal cord 598 



exaggeration of, by poisoning with strych- 

 nine 599 



abolition of, by anaesthetics : 599 



. examples of 599 



inhibition of 600 



-, operating through the sympathetic sys- 

 tem 643 



in the foetus 822 



Reflexes, superficial and deep 600 



Refraction.. 690 



Regurgitation from the stomach 232 



Reil, island of 606, 621 



Reissner, membrane of 757 



Remak, fibres of 509 



Reproduction (see Generation) 765 



Reserve air 131 



Residual air 131 



Resonators of Helmholtz. 744 



Respiration, influence of, upon the action of the 



heart 51 



movements of the brain with 102 



general considerations and definition of . . . 108 

 essential conditions in 109 



physiological anatomy of the organs of ... 110 



movements of 115 



action of the ribs in 116, 120 



table of muscles of, used in inspiration. . . 117 



auxiliary muscles of, used in inspiration . . 121 



table of muscles of, used in expiration ... 124 



action of the abdominal muscles in 125 



types of 126 



difference in types of, in the sexes and at 

 different ages 126 



frequency of the movements of 127 



relations of the frequency of the movements 



of, to the pulse 127 



influence of age upon the frequency of the 



movements of 127 



relations of inspiration and expiration to 



each other in 128 



sounds of 128, 129 



extreme breathing capacity in 133 



relations in volume of the expired to the in- 

 spired air in 133 



diffusion of air in 134 



of pure oxygen 136 



consumption of oxygen in 136 



variations in the consumption of oxygen 

 in, with muscular activity, external tempera- 

 ture and digestion 138 



quantity of oxygen consumed per hour in . 138 



variations in the consumption of oxygen 

 .in, with age 138 



PAGB 



Respiration, variations in the consumption of 

 oxygen in, sleeping and waking 139 



variations in the consumption of oxygen 



in, in lean and fat animals 139 



effects upon the consumption of oxygen 



in, of increasing its proportion in the air 139 



effects upon the consumption of oxygen in, 



of confining an animal in a mixture of oxy- 

 gen and hydrogen 139 



changes in the air passing through the lungs 140 



elevation in temperature in the air in pass- 

 ing through the lungs in 140 



exhalation of carbon dioxide in 140 



variations in the exhalation of carbon di- 

 oxide with the frequency and extent of the 

 acts of 140, 141 



quantity of carbon dioxide exhaled per 



hour in 142 



influence of age upon the exhalation of car- 

 bon dioxide in 142 



influence of sex upon the exhalation of car- 

 bon dioxide in 143 



influence of digestion upon the exhalation 



of carbon dioxide in . 143 



influence of inanition upon the exhalation 



of carbon dioxide in 144 



influence of diet upon the exhalation of 



carbon dioxide in 144 



influence of alcoholic beverages, tea, and 



coffee upon the exhalation of carbon dioxide 

 in 144 



influence of exercise upon the exhalation 



. of carbon dioxide in 142, 145 



influence of sleep upon the exhalation of 



earbon dioxide in 145 



relations of the consumption of oxygen to 



the production of carbon dioxide in 146 



influence of moisture and temperature upon 

 the exhalation of carbon dioxide in 146 



influence of season upon the exhalation of 



carbon dioxide in 146 



relations between the quantity of oxygen 



consumed and the quantity of carbon dioxide 



exhaled in 146 



sources of the carbon dioxide exhaled in. . 148 



exhalation of watery vapor in 148 



exhalation of ammonia, organic matter 



etc., in 149 



exhalation of nitrogen in 150 



changes in the blood in 150 



mechanism of the interchange of gases be- 

 tween the blood and the air in 156 



relations of, to nutrition 156 



cutaneous 161 



in a confined space 163 



connection of the medulla oblongata with 



158, 631 



Respiratory centres 631 



Respiratory efforts before birth 161, 822 



Respiratory excitants 144 



Respiratory movements, character of, and cause 



of these movements 157 



Respiratory movements of the glottis Ill 



Respiratory non-exciters 144 



Respiratory sense 157, 631 



Resultant tones 745 



